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==Affirmation==In his "[[Reply to Jean Hyppolite's commentary on Freud's ''"Negation''"<ref>Lacan. 1954b.</ref> ]]" ([[{{Y}}|1954]]), [[Lacan]] describes a primordial [[act ]] of [[Bejahung|affirmation ]] which is logically prior to any [[act ]] of [[negation]].<ref>{{L}} "[[Works of Jacques Lacan|Introduction aux commentaire de Jean Hyppolite sur la 'Verneinung' de Freud]]", in {{E}} [1954b] pp. 381-99.</ref> [[Lacan]] uses [[Freud]]'s [[German]] term, ''[[Bejahung]]'' to denote this primordial [[affirmation]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 387</ref>

==Existence==Whereas [[Lacannegation]] uses concerns what [[Freud]]called the "judgement of [[existence]]," ''[[Bejahung]]''s German termdenotes something more fundamental, namely the primordial [[act]] of [[symbolization]] itself, the inclusion of something in the [[symbolic|symbolic universe]]. Only after a [[thing]] has been [[symbolize]]d (at the level of ''[[Bejahung]]'' ) can the [[value]] of [[existence]] be attributed to it or not (''[[affirmationnegation]]'') to denote this primordial affirmation.<ref>{{Ec}} p.387</ref>

Whereas [[negation]] concerns what [[Freud]] called the "judgement of existence," ''[[Bejahung]]'' denotes something more fundamental, namely the primordial act of [[symbolization]] itself, the inclusion of something in the [[symbolic]] universe. Only after a thing has been [[symbolize]]d (at the level of ''[[Bejahung]]'') can the value of [[existence]] be attributed to it or not (''[[negation]]'').  ==Foreclosure==[[Lacan]] posits a basic alternative between ''[[Bejahung]]'' and the [[psychosis|psychoticmechanism]] mechanism he later calls '"[[foreclosure]]'".  ''[[Bejahung]]'' designates a primordial inclusion of something in the [[symbolic]], whereas [[foreclosure]] is a primordial [[refusal ]] to include something (-- the [[Name-of-the-Father]] -- in the [[symbolic]].<ref>{{S3}} p.82</ref>

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