end of analysis ({{Top}}fin d'[[analyse) ]]{{Bottom}}
==Sigmund Freud==In ''[[Analysis Terminable and Interminable]]'', [[Freud discusses the question of whether it is ever possible ]] asks:<blockquote>"Is there such a [[thing]] as a [[natural]] end to conclude an analysis?"<ref>{{F}} ''[[Sigmund Freud:Bibliography|Analysis Terminable and Interminable]]'', or whether all analyses are necessarily incomplete1937. [[SE]] XXIII p.219</ref></blockquote>
(Freud, 1937c). ==Jacques Lacan==[[Lacan]]'s answer to this question is that it [[psychoanalytic treatment]] is indeed possiblea [[progress|logical process]] with a beginning and an end-point, designated as the "[[end of analysis]]".
to speak ===Aim===The [[end of concluding an analysis|''end'' of analysis]] must be distinguished from the ''[[End of analysis|aim]]'' of [[psychoanalytic treatment]]. Although not all analyses are carried
through to their conclusion, analytic The [[end of analysis|aim]] of [[treatment ]] is a logical process which hasto lead the [[analysand]] to articulate the '''[[truth]]''' [[about]] his or her [[desire]].
an endWhile not all [[treatment|analyses]] are carried through to their [[progress|conclusion]], and Lacan designates any [[treatment|analysis]] -- however incomplete -- may be regarded as successful when it achieves this end-point by the term '[[end of analysis'|aim]].
Given that many analyses are broken off before The question of the [[end of analysis ]] is therefore something more than whether a [[treatment|course]] of [[treatment|analytic treatment]] has or has not achieved its aim; it isa question of whether or not the [[treatment]] has reached its [[logical]] [[End of analysis|end-point]].
reached, the question arises as to whether such analyses can be considered===Definition===[[Lacan]] conceives of this [[End of analysis|end-point]] in various ways.
succesful or not:1. To answer this question it In the early 1950s, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as "the advent of a [[true]] [[speech]] and the realization by the [[subject]] of his [[history]]" -- that is necessary , as coming to distinguish between[[terms]] with one's own [[death|mortality]].<ref>{{E}} p. 88</ref>
:<blockquote>"The [[subject]] ... begins the end of analysis and by [[speaking]] about himself without speaking to you, or by speaking to you without speaking about himself. When he can [[speak]] to you about himself, the aim of psychoanalytic treatmentanalysis will be over."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 373, n. The aim of1</ref></blockquote>
psychoanalytic treatment :2. In 1960, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as a [[state]] of [[anxiety]] and [[anxiety|abandonment]] -- that is to lead the analysand to articulate the truth about, as a state of [[helplessness]].
his desire:3. Any In 1964, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis, however incomplete, may be regarded ]] as successfulthe point when the [[analysand]] "traverses the radical [[fantasy]]."<ref>{{S11}} p. 273</ref>
when it achieves this aim:4. The question In the final decade of his teaching, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis is therefore]] as an "[[identification]] with the ''[[sinthome]]''."
something more than whether a course ====Position of Analysand and Analyst====In general, the [[end of analysis]] involves two fundamental changes in the respective [[discourse|subjective positions]] of analytic treatment has or has not
achieved its aim; it is a question * the [[analysand]] -- the "[[subjective destitution]]" of whether or not the treatment has reached its[[analysand]], and
logical end* the [[analyst]] -point- the "[[loss of being]]" ([[French]]: ''[[désêtre]]'') of the [[analyst]].
Lacan conceives The [[analyst]] is reduced -- from the [[discourse|position]] of this endthe [[subject-supposed-point in various waysto-know]] -- to a mere [[surplus]], a [[objet petit a]], the [[cause]] of the [[analysand]]'s [[desire]].
====Passage from Analysand to Analyst====
For [[Lacan]], the [[end of analysis]] is also the passage from [[analysand]] to [[analyst]] -- for all [[psychoanalysts]] must undergo [[analytic treatment]] from beginning to end before [[being]] allowed to [[practice]] as [[analysts]].
Since [[Lacan]] argues that all [[psychoanalysts]] should have experienced the [[process]] of [[analytic treatment]] from beginning to end, the [[end of analysis]] is also the passage from [[analysand]] to [[analyst]].
<blockquote>"The true termination of an analysis" is therefore no more and no less than that which "prepares you to become an analyst."<ref>{{S7}} p. 303</ref></blockquote>
===Misconceptions===
====Identification with the Analyst====
[[Lacan]] criticizes those [[psychoanalysts]] who describe the [[end of analysis]] in terms of [[identification]] with the [[analyst]].
l. In the early 1950sFor [[Lacan]], it is not only possible, but necessary to go beyond [[identification]], the end of analysis for otherwise it is not [[psychoanalysis]] but [[suggestion]] -- which is described as 'the advent antithesis of a true[[psychoanalysis]].
speech and ====Transference====[[Lacan]] also criticizes those [[psychoanalysts]] who describe the realisation by [[end of analysis]] in terms of "liquidation" of the subject of his history' (E, 88) (see SPEECH)[[transference]].
'The subject . . For [[Lacan]], this erroneous view is based on a misunderstanding of [[transference]] -- as a kind of [[illusion]] which can be transcended -- which overlooks the [[symbolic]] [[nature]] of [[transference]] -- as an essential [[structure]] of [[speech]]. begins the analysis by speaking about himself without
speaking to youAlthough [[analytic treatment]] does involve the [[resolution]] of the [[particular]] ''[[transference|transference relationship]]'' established with the [[analyst]], or by speaking to you without speaking about himself[[transference]] itself still subsists after the [[end of analysis]].
When he can speak to you about himself, the ====Other Misconceptions====The [[end of analysis will be over' (Ec,]] does not involve:
373, n* the strengthening the [[ego]]* the [[adaptation]] to [[reality]]* the [[disappearance]] of the [[symptom]]* the [[cure]] of an underlying disease (e. 1g.''[[neurosis]]''). The end of analysis is also described as coming to terms with
one's own mortality (EFor [[Lacan]], 104[[analysis]] is not essentially a [[treatment|therapeutic process]] but rather a [[search]] for [[truth]] -5)- and the [[truth]] is not always beneficial.<ref>{{S17}} p.122</ref>
2. In 1960, Lacan describes the end of analysis as a state of anxiety and==See Also=={{See}}* [[Analysand]]* [[Analyst]]||* [[Fantasy]]* [[Sinthome]]||* [[Speech]]* [[Subject]]||* [[Symptom]]* [[Transference]]{{Also}}
abandonment, and compares it to the HELPLESSNEss of the human infant.==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div>[[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]][[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Terms]]{{OK}}
3. In 1964 he describes it as the point when the analysand has 'traversed the radical fantasy' (Sll, 273) (see FANTASY). 4. In the last decade of his teaching, he describes the end of analysis as 'identification with the sinthome', and as 'knowing what to do with the sinthome' (see SINTHOME). Common to all these formulations is the idea that the end of analysis involves a change in the subjective position of the analysand (the analysand's 'subjective destitution'), and a corresponding change in the position of the analyst (the loss of being [Fr. dÈsÍtre] of the analyst, the fall of the analyst from the position of the subject-supposed-to-know). At the end of the analysis, the analyst is reduced to a mere surplus, a pure objet petit a, the cause of the analysand's desire. Since Lacan argues that all psychoanalysts should have experienced the process of analytic treatment from beginning to end, the end of analysis is also the passage from analysand to analyst. 'The true termination of an analysis' is therefore no more and no less than that which 'prepares you to become an analyst' (S7, 303). In 1967, Lacan introduced the procedure of the PAss as a means of testifying to the end of one's analysis. By means of this procedure, Lacan hoped to avoid the dangers of regarding the end of analysis as a quasi-mystical, ineffable experience. Such a view is antithetical to psychoanalysis, which is all about putting things into words. Lacan criticises those psychoanalysts who have seen the end of analysis in terms of identification with the analyst. In opposition to this view of psycho- analysis, Lacan states that the 'crossing of the plane of identification is possible' (Sll, 273). Not only is it possible to go beyond identification, but it is necessary, for otherwise it is not psychoanalysis but suggestion, which is the antithesis of psychoanalysis; 'the fundamental mainspring of the analytic operation is the maintenance of the distance between the I - identification - and the a' (S11, 273). Lacan also rejects the idea that the end of analysis involves the 'liquidation' of the transference (see S11, 267). The idea that the transference can be 'liquidated' is based on a misunderstanding of the nature of the transference, according to which the transference is viewed as a kind of illusion which can be transcended. Such a view is erroneous because it entirely overlooks the symbolic nature of the transference; transference is part of the essential structure of speech. Although analytic treatment involves the resolution of the particular transference relationship established with the analyst, transfer- ence itself still subsists after the end of analysis. Other misconceptions of the end of analysis which Lacan rejects are: 'strengthening the ego', 'adaptation to reality' and 'happiness'. The end of analysis is not the disappearance of the symptom, nor the cure of an underlying disease (e.g. neurosis), since analysis is not essentially a therapeutic process but a search for truth, and the truth is not always beneficial (Sl7, 122). == def == Lacan conceives of this end-point in various ways. 1. In the early 1950s, the end of anlaysis is described as "the advent of a true speech and the realization by the subject of his history."<ref>E 88</ref>(See [[Speech]]) "The subject ... begins the analysis by speaking about himslef without speaking to you, or by speaking to you without speaking about himself. When he can speak to you about himself, the analysis will be over."<ref> Ec 373, n. 1</ref> The end of analysis is also described as coming to terms with one's own mortality.<ref>E 104-5</ref> 2. In 1960 Lacan describes the end of analysis as a state of anxiety and abandonment, and copares it to the [[helplessness]] of the human infant. 3. In 1964 he describes it as the point when the analysand has "traversed the radical fantasy."<ref>S11, 273</ref> (See [[Fantasy]]) 4. In the last decade of his teaching, he describes the end of analysis as "identification with the ''sinthome'', and as "knowing what to do with the ''sinthome'. (See ''[[Sinthome]]'') Common to all these formulations is the idea that the end of analysis involves a change in the subjective position of the analysand (the analysand's "[[subjective destitution]]"), and a corresponding change in the position of the analyst (the loss of being [Fr. ''désêtre''] of the analyst, the fall of the analyst from the position of the subect-supposed-to-know). at the end of the analysis, the analyst is reduced to a mere surplus, a pure ''objet petit a'', the cause of the analysand's desire. Since Lacan argues that all psychoanalysts should have experienced the process of analytic treatment form beginning to end, the end of analysis is also the passage from analysand to analyst. 'the true termination of an analysis" is therefore no more and no less than that which "prepares you to become ann analyst."<ref>S7 303</ref> In 1967 Lacan introduced the procedure of the [[Pass]] as a means of testifying to the end of one's analysis. By means of this procedure, Lacan hoped to avoid the dangers of regarding the end of analysis as a quasi-mystical, ineffable experience. Such a view is antithetical to psychoanalysi, which is all about putting things into words. Lacan criticizes those psychoanalysts who have seen the end of analysis in terms of identification with the analyst. 54__NOTOC__
