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| − | The term is widely used in both [[psychoanalysis]] and [[clinical]] [[psychology]] to describe mechanisms that relocate elements of the [[psyche]] in the external world.
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| − | In [[psychoanalysis]], [[projection]] is used to describe the process that enables the [[subject]] to expel feelings, qualities or [[object]]s it refuses to recognize in itelf.
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| − | [[Projection] makes them appear to be external objects rather than internal parts of the [[psyche]].
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| − | For [[Freud]], [[projection]] is not a purely pathological phenomenon, but a normal feature of, for example, superstitution and religious beliefs; demons and ghosts are [[projection]]s of "evil" [[unconscious]] [[desire]]s and impulses.
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| − | In so-called projective jealousy, the [[subject]] wards off his [[desire]] to be unfaithful by projecing jealousy onto his partner, and thus deflects attention away from his own [[unconscious]] [[desire]].<ref>Freud. 1922b.</ref>
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| − | [[Projection]] is an important aspect of [[paranoia]], and [[Freud]]'s clearest descriptions of the phenomenon come from his account of the Schreber case.<ref>1911b</ref>
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| − | The statement "I hate him" is transformed by [[projection]] into the statement "He hates me and is persecuting me."
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| − | The [[paranoiac]]'s initial impulse to hate can thus be justified as a rational defence against [[aggression]].
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| − | According to [[Anna Freud]] (1936), [[projection]] is one of the [[ego]]'s [[defence mechanism]]s.
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| − | The [[projection]] of hatred characteristic of [[paranoia]] relieves, that is, the [[ego]] from the guilt it feels over its hatred of an [[object]].
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| − | [[Anna Freud]] thus assumes that the [[ego]] already knows the difference between "inside" and "outside."
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| − | The mechanism of [[projection]] is basic to the play-therapy technique developed by [[Klein]]: it allows the child to act out internal conflicts by projecting them onto the toys it has been given.
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| − | In psychoanalytic terms, [[projection]] is the antithesis of [[introjection]].
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| − | In [[clinical]] [[psychology]], projective tests such as Rorschach tests are used to diagnose personality types.
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| − | The [[patient]] is given an unstructured set of stimuli, such as visual iamges, that cna trigger a wide range of responses.
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| − | A correct interpretation of the stimuli is an indication of [[adaptation]] to reality; [[analysis]] of the [[fantasies]] and emotional responses that are simultaneously projected provides insight into the individual personality of the [[patient]].
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| − | The underlying thesis is that an individual's response to the outside world is governed by the state and the structure of his or her inner world.
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