Difference between revisions of "Psychology"
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==Jacques Lacan== | ==Jacques Lacan== | ||
===Early Work=== | ===Early Work=== | ||
| − | In his pre-1950 writings, [[Lacan]] sees [[psychoanalysis]] and [[psychology]] as parallel disciplines which can cross- | + | In his pre-[[{{Y}}|1950]] [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|writings]], [[Lacan]] sees [[psychoanalysis]] and [[psychology]] as parallel disciplines which can cross-fertilize each [[other]]. Although he is very critical of the [[conceptual]] inadequacies of [[psychology|associationist psychology]], [[Lacan]] argues that [[psychoanalysis]] can [[help]] to build an "authentic psychology" free from such errors by providing it with truly [[science|scientific]] [[concepts]] such as the ''[[imago]]'' and the [[complex]].<ref>{{L}} "[[Work of Jacques Lacan|Au-delà du 'principe de realité']]", 1936. {{E}} pp. 73-92</ref> |
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| − | Although he is very critical of the conceptual inadequacies of [[psychology|associationist psychology]], [[Lacan]] argues that [[psychoanalysis]] can help to build an "authentic psychology" free from such errors by providing it with truly [[science|scientific]] concepts such as the ''[[imago]]'' and the [[complex]].<ref>{{L}} "[[Work of Jacques Lacan|Au-delà du 'principe de realité']]", 1936. {{E}} pp. 73-92</ref> | ||
===Middle Work=== | ===Middle Work=== | ||
| − | However, from 1950 on, there is a gradual but constant tendency to dissociate [[psychoanalysis]] from [[psychology]]. | + | However, from [[{{Y}}|1950]] on, there is a gradual but constant tendency to dissociate [[psychoanalysis]] from [[psychology]]. [[Lacan]] begins by arguing that [[psychology]] is confined to an [[understanding]] of [[nature|animal psychology]] ([[nature|ethology]]): |
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| − | [[Lacan]] begins by arguing that [[psychology]] is confined to an understanding of [[nature|animal psychology]] ([[nature|ethology]]): | ||
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| − | + | <blockquote>"The psychological is, if we try to grasp it as firmly as possible, the ethological, that is the [[whole]] of the [[biological]] [[individual]]'s [[behaviour]] in relation to his [[natural]] [[environment]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 7</ref></blockquote> | |
| − | + | This is not to say that it cannot say anything [[about]] [[human]] [[being]]s, for [[human]]s are also [[animal]]s, but that it cannot say anything about that which is uniquely [[human]].<ref>Although at one point [[Lacan]] does [[state]] that the [[theory]] of the [[ego]] and of [[narcissism]] 'extend' modern ethological research.{{Ec}} p. 472</ref> | |
| − | Only [[psychoanalysis]], which uncovers the [[linguistics|linguistic basis]] of [[human]] [[subjectivity]], is adequate to explain those psychic phenomena which are specifically [[human]]. | + | Thus [[psychology]] is reduced to general laws of behavior which apply to all [[animal]]s, including [[human]] [[being]]s; [[Lacan]] rejects "the [[doctrine]] of a discontinuity between animal psychology and human psychology which is far away from our [[thought]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 484</ref> However, [[Lacan]] vigorously rejects the [[biology|behaviorist theory]] according to which the same general laws of behaviour are sufficient to explain all [[human]] [[psychic]] phenomena. Only [[psychoanalysis]], which uncovers the [[linguistics|linguistic basis]] of [[human]] [[subjectivity]], is adequate to explain those psychic phenomena which are specifically [[human]]. |
===Latest Work=== | ===Latest Work=== | ||
| − | In the 1960s the distance between [[psychoanalysis]] and [[psychology]] is emphasised further in [[Lacan]]'s [[Works of Jacques | + | In the [[{{Y}}|1960s]] the distance between [[psychoanalysis]] and [[psychology]] is emphasised further in [[Lacan]]'s [[Works of Jacques Lacan|work]]. [[Lacan]] argues that [[psychology]] is essentially a tool of "technocratic exploitation",<ref>{{Ec}} p.851; {{Ec}} p. 832</ref> and that it is dominated by the [[delusion|illusions]] of [[lack|wholeness]] and [[imaginary|synthesis]], [[nature]] and [[instinct]], [[autonomy]] and [[consciousness|self-consciousness]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 832</ref> [[Psychoanalysis]], on the other hand, subverts these [[illusion]]s cherished by [[psychology]], and in this [[sense]] "the [[Freudian]] [[enunciation]] has [[nothing]] to do with psychology.<ref>{{S17}} p. 144</ref> For example the most cherished [[illusion]] of [[psychology]] is "the [[unity]] of the subject",<ref>{{E}} p. 294</ref>, and [[psychoanalysis]] subverts this [[notion]] by demonstrating that the [[subject]] is irremediably [[split]] or "[[bar]]red". |
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| − | [[Lacan]] argues that [[psychology]] is essentially a tool of "technocratic exploitation",<ref> | ||
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| − | [[Psychoanalysis]], on the other hand, subverts these [[illusion]]s cherished by [[psychology]], and in this sense "the Freudian enunciation has nothing to do with psychology.<ref>{{S17}} p. 144</ref> | ||
| − | |||
| − | For example the most cherished [[illusion]] of [[psychology]] is "the unity of the subject",<ref>{{E}} p. 294</ref>, and [[psychoanalysis]] subverts this notion by demonstrating that the [[subject]] is irremediably [[split]] or "[[bar]]red". | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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* [[Bar]] | * [[Bar]] | ||
* [[Biology]] | * [[Biology]] | ||
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* [[Instinct]] | * [[Instinct]] | ||
| + | * [[Language]] | ||
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* [[Nature]] | * [[Nature]] | ||
* [[Psychoanalysis]] | * [[Psychoanalysis]] | ||
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* [[Science]] | * [[Science]] | ||
* [[Split]] | * [[Split]] | ||
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* [[Subject]] | * [[Subject]] | ||
{{Also}} | {{Also}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
| + | <div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"> | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
{{Cat}} | {{Cat}} | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
Latest revision as of 20:59, 23 May 2019
| French: psychologie |
Jacques Lacan
Early Work
In his pre-1950 writings, Lacan sees psychoanalysis and psychology as parallel disciplines which can cross-fertilize each other. Although he is very critical of the conceptual inadequacies of associationist psychology, Lacan argues that psychoanalysis can help to build an "authentic psychology" free from such errors by providing it with truly scientific concepts such as the imago and the complex.[1]
Middle Work
However, from 1950 on, there is a gradual but constant tendency to dissociate psychoanalysis from psychology. Lacan begins by arguing that psychology is confined to an understanding of animal psychology (ethology):
"The psychological is, if we try to grasp it as firmly as possible, the ethological, that is the whole of the biological individual's behaviour in relation to his natural environment."[2]
This is not to say that it cannot say anything about human beings, for humans are also animals, but that it cannot say anything about that which is uniquely human.[3]
Thus psychology is reduced to general laws of behavior which apply to all animals, including human beings; Lacan rejects "the doctrine of a discontinuity between animal psychology and human psychology which is far away from our thought."[4] However, Lacan vigorously rejects the behaviorist theory according to which the same general laws of behaviour are sufficient to explain all human psychic phenomena. Only psychoanalysis, which uncovers the linguistic basis of human subjectivity, is adequate to explain those psychic phenomena which are specifically human.
Latest Work
In the 1960s the distance between psychoanalysis and psychology is emphasised further in Lacan's work. Lacan argues that psychology is essentially a tool of "technocratic exploitation",[5] and that it is dominated by the illusions of wholeness and synthesis, nature and instinct, autonomy and self-consciousness.[6] Psychoanalysis, on the other hand, subverts these illusions cherished by psychology, and in this sense "the Freudian enunciation has nothing to do with psychology.[7] For example the most cherished illusion of psychology is "the unity of the subject",[8], and psychoanalysis subverts this notion by demonstrating that the subject is irremediably split or "barred".
See Also
References
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. "Au-delà du 'principe de realité'", 1936. Lacan, Jacques. Écrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Tavistock Publications, 1977. pp. 73-92
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. The Seminar. Book III. The Psychoses, 1955-56. Trans. Russell Grigg. London: Routledge, 1993. p. 7
- ↑ Although at one point Lacan does state that the theory of the ego and of narcissism 'extend' modern ethological research.Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p. 472
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p. 484
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p.851; Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p. 832
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p. 832
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Le Séminaire. Livre XVII. L'envers de la psychanalyse, 19669-70. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Paris: Seuil, 1991. p. 144
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Tavistock Publications, 1977. p. 294
