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Psychosis

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{{Topp}}psychose{{Bottom}}
 
==Sigmund Freud==
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Of all the various forms of psychosis, it is [[paranoia]] that most interests Lacan, while schizophrenia and mani-depressive psychosis are rarely discussed.<ref>{{S3}} p.3-4</ref> Lacan follows Freud in maintaining a structural distinction between paranoia and schizophrenia. [[psychosis]] ([[psychose]])
The term [[psychosis]] arose in [[psychiatry]] in the nineteenth century as a way of designating mental illness in general.
During [[Freud]]'s life, a basic distinction between [[psychosis]] and [[neurosis]] came to be generally accepted, according to which [[psychosis]] designated extreme forms of mental illness and [[neurosis]] denoted less serious disorders.  This basic distinction between [[neurosis]] and [[psychosis]] was taken up and developed by [[Freud]] himself in several papers.<ref>Freud, 1924b and 1924e</ref> [[Lacan]]'s interest in [[psychosis]] predates his interest in [[psychoanalysis]].
Indeed it was his doctoral research, which concerned a psychotic [[woman]] whom [[Lacan]] calls '[[AimÈe]]', that first led [[Lacan]] to [[psychoanalytic theory]].<ref>Lacan, 1932</ref>
Lacan, in contrast, began his career by working with psychotics in
psychiatric hospitals before he became a psychoanalyst (1932) and therefore elaborates a more specific theory of the origins of psychosis.
 
Contrasting neurosis snad psychosis, Freud argues that, whilst both conditions originate in a conflict between the ego and other agencies of the psyche, psychosis results from a disturbance in the ego's relationship with the external world, neurosis from a conflict between the ego and the id.
Lacan draws on Freud's comment and remarks on the case of Daniel Paul Schrebe, an appeal court judge who wrote an autobiographicla account of his paranoid delusions, to elaborate the thesis that psychosis is trigged by the specific mechanism of [[foreclosure]].<ref>Lacan 1957-8, 1981</ref>
A key signifier or the name of the father is expelled or foreclosed fromt he subject's symbolic world and a hole or rent is left in its ploace. The foreclosed signifier is not integrated into the unconscious thanks to an act of repression,a nd therefore cannot return on the form of a neurotic signifier. It returns, rather, in the real, usually in the form of persecutory hallucinations and delusions. A mental condition whereby the patient completely loses touch with reality.
==Psychosis versus Neurosis==
The term '[[psychosis]]' denotes an severe form of [[pathology|mental illness]], while '[[neurosis]]' denotes less severe forms. [[Sigmund Freud]] elaborated a distinction between [[psychosis]] and [[neurosis]].<ref>Freud, 1924b and 1924e</ref>
<blockquote>"[In] neurosis the ego suppresses part of the id out of allegiance to reality, whereas in psychosis it lets itself be carried away by the id and detached from a part of reality."<ref>5.202</ref></blockquote>
==Psychosis and Lacan==
[[Jacques Lacan]] studied [[psychosis]] for his doctoral research about a [[woman]] he calls "[[Aimee]]."<ref>{{1932}}</ref> It is common to compare Lacan's style of writing and speaking to the discourse of psychotic patients. [[Psychosis]] has many different forms: [[paranoia]], [[schizophrenia]], and [[manic-depression]].<ref>S3, 3-4</ref>
== References ==
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