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{{Top}}hallucinations|hallucination{{Bottom}}
==Psychiatric Definition==
[[Hallucination]]s are usually defined in [[psychiatry]] as "false perceptions," that is, perceptions which arise "in the absence of an appropriate external stimulus."<ref>American Psychiatric Association. 1987. p.398</ref>
==Psychotic Hallucinations==
[[Lacan]] finds such definitions inadequate, since they ignore the dimension of [[meaning]] and [[signification]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.77; {{E}} p.180</ref>
[[Hallucination]]s are a typical phenomenon of [[psychosis]], and are usually auditory (hearing voices), but may also be visual, somatic, tactile, olfactory, or gustatory.
[[Foreclosure]] refers to the [[absence]] of the [[Name-of-the-Father]] from the [[symbolic|symbolic universe]] of the [[psychotic]] [[subject]].
A [[hallucination]] is the return of this [[foreclosed]] [[signifier]] in the dimension of the [[real]]; "that which has not emerged into the light fo the symbolic appears in the real."<ref>{{Ec}} p.388</ref>
In this distinction, [[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]]'s analysis of [[Schreber]]'s [[hallucination]]s.
<blockquote>"It was incorrect to say that the perception which suppressed internally is projected outwards; the truth is rather, as we now see, that what was abolished internally returns from without.<ref>[[Freud|Freud, Sigmund]]. "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|Psycho-Analytic Notes on an Autobiographical Account of a Case of Paranoia (Dementia Paranoides)]]," 1911c. [[SE]] XII. p.71</ref></blockquote>
==Structure of Desire==
While [[hallucination]]s are most commonly associated with [[psychosis]], there is another sense in which they play an important part in the [[structure]] of [[desire]] in all [[subject]]s.
[[Freud]] argues that "[t]he first wishing seems to have been a hallucinatory cathecting of the memory of satisfaction."<ref>[[Freud|Freud, Sigmund]]. ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Interpretation of Dreams]]'', 1900a. [[SE]] V. p.598</ref>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Foreclosure]]
* [[Psychosis]]
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* [[Name-of-the-Father]]
* [[Neurosis]]
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* [[Projection]]
* [[Psychosis]]
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* [[Real]]
* [[Signifier]]
{{Also}}
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Terms]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:DictionaryJacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Practice]]
[[Category:Jacques LacanDictionary]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Terms]]{{OK}} __NOTOC__
