Changes

The [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]]) was founded by [[Freud]] in 1910 as an umbrella group for the various [[schools|psychoanalytic societies]] that were springing up around the world at that time.  The first headquarters were in Zurich, and later moved to London, but the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|Association]] has been dominated by its American members ever since the 1930s, when most of the Viennese analysts emigrated to the United States.

From that moment on until his death, [[Lacan]] and the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] were at loggerheads.   During the [[SFP]]'s subsequent campaign for [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] member­ship (which [[Lacan]] seems to have supported) [[Lacan]] was regarded by the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] as the principal obstacle blocking negotiations.  The main bone of contention was [[Lacan]]'s use of [[treatment|sessions of variable duration]], which he continued to practise despite repeated [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] admonitions.

In [[{{Y}}|1963]] [[Lacan]] was expelled from the [[IPA]]. Eventually, in 1963, the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] agreed to grant membership to the [[SFP]] on condition that [[Lacan]] be stripped of his status as a [[training|training analyst]].   Many of the leading analysts in the [[SFP]] agreed, but to many others (including [[Lacan]]) this was unacceptable.  [[Lacan]] resigned from the [[SFP]] and, followed by a number of other analysts and trainees, founded his own [[school]] in 1964. From this point on, [[Lacan]] became much more vocal in his criticism of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]], accusing it of being a kind of [[religion|church]] and comparing his own fate to [[Spinoza]]'s "[[International Psycho-Analytical Association|excommunication]]" from the synagogue.<ref>{{S11}} p. 3-4</ref>

[[Lacan]] argued that [[Freud]] had organised the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] in such a way because this was the only way of assuring that his theories, misunderstood by all his first followers, would remain intact for someone else ([[Lacan]]) to disinter and resuscitate later on.  The [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]], in other words, was like a tomb whose only function was to preserve [[Freud]]'s doctrine despite the ignorance of the members of the association, the implication being that once [[Lacan]] had breathed new life into the doctrine, the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] no longer had any valid function at all.<ref>{{L}} "[[Situation de la psychanalyse et formation du psychanalyste en 1956]]." 1956a. ''[[Écrits]]''. Paris: Seuil, 1966: 459-91.</ref>