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In his [[seminar ]] on ''The Four Fundamental [[Concepts ]] of [[Psychoanalysis'' ]] (1964), Jacques [[Lacan ]] reread [[Freud]]'s essay "[[Drives ]] and their Vicissitudes" (1915c) in [[order ]] to emphasize that the four components of the drive—pressure, [[object]], aim, and source—are not [[natural ]] phenomena: the [[drive ]] is a montage.The constancy of the drive's pressure differentiates it from vital needs, which vary according to their own rhythms (Lacan, p. 171). Thus hunger is not the same as the oral drive. Satisfaction does not consist in fulfilling a need, but in...
The constancy of the drive's pressure differentiates it from vital [[needs]], which vary according to their own rhythms (Lacan, p. 171). Thus hunger is not the same as the [[oral]] drive. [[Satisfaction]] does not consist in fulfilling a [[need]], but in completing a circuit of [[three]] [[stages]]. The "mouth that is involved in the drive," Lacan stated, "is not [[satisfied]] by food" (p. 167). The drive begins at an [[erogenous zone]], and then makes a circuit around the object [[cause]] of [[desire]], the [[object a]]. Thus Lacan saw drives as distinct from vital needs.
Lacan reserved the term "drive" for the [[sexual]] drives. [[Instincts]] of [[self]]-preservation—the Ichtriebe, Freud's ego-drives—were a function of [[narcissism]]. The [[subject]] of the drive emerged once the three stages of the drive's circuit were completed. Along with the [[active]] and reflexive stages, Lacan emphasized the importance of a [[third]] [[stage]], in which, as Freud had said, a new subject would appear. This new subject is an [[other]]. When the "I" is, like an object, subjected to this other, it may [[experience]] [[pain]] and become a subject itself. It will seek to attach itself to the [[enjoyment]] of this other, which from then on plays the [[role]] of [[real]] Other. Only by completing the circuit of the drive does the subject come into contact with the [[dimension]] of the Other as the treasure trove of the [[signifiers]]. For Lacan, the [[concept]] of the drive is the pivot between the [[body]], enjoyment, and [[language]].
[[Clinical]] [[work]] allows us to see [[infantile]] [[autism]] as the result of a failure at the third stage in the circuit of the drive.
MARIE-CHRISTINE LAZNIK
See also: [[Castration]] of the subject; [[Demand]]; Drive; [[Erotogenicity]]; [[Fantasy]], [[formula]] of; [[Jouissance]] (Lacan); Perceptual [[identity]]; [[Real, the (Lacan)]]; Subject; [[Topology]].
[[Bibliography]]
* Lacan, Jacques. (1978). The four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis (Alan Sheridan, Trans.). New York: W. W. Norton. (Original work published 1964)
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Terms]]
