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=====Jacques Lacan=====The term "[[subject]]" (is [[Frpresent]] from the very earliest of [[Lacan]]. 's [[psychoanalytic]] writings,<ref>{{1932}}</ref> and from 1945 on it occupies a central part in [[Lacan]]'s [[sujetwork]]'').
=====Three Kinds=====In 1945, [[Lacan]]'s pre-war papers, the term "distinguishes between [[three]] kinds of [[subject]]" seems to mean no more than "human being."<ref>{{Ec}} p.75</ref>
# Secondly, there is the anonymous reciprocal [[subject]] who is completely equal to and substitutable for any other, and who recognises himself in equivalence with the other.
# Thirdly, there is the personal [[subject]], whose uniqueness is constituted by an act of [[self]]-[[affirmation]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.207-8</ref> It is always this third sense of the [[subject]], the [[subject]] in his uniqueness, that constitutes the focus of [[Lacan]]'s work.
=====Subject and Ego=====In 1953, [[Lacan]] establishes a [[distinction ]] between the [[subject ]] and the [[ego]] which will remain one of the most fundamental distinctions throughout the rest of his work.
Whereas the [[ego]] is part of the [[imaginary order]], the [[subject]] is part of the [[symbolic]].
Thus the [[subject]] is not simply equivalent to a [[conscious]] sense of [[agency]], which is a mere [[illusion ]] produced by the [[ego]], but to the [[unconscious]]; [[Lacan]]'s "[[subject]]" is the [[subject]] of the [[unconscious]].
=====Sigmund Freud=====
[[Lacan]] argues that this distinction can be traced back to [[Freud]]:
<blockquote>"[Freud] wrote ''[[Das Ich ]] und [[das Es]]'' in [[order ]] to maintain this fundamental distinction between the [[true ]] [[subject of the unconscious ]] and the ego as constituted in its nucleus by a series of [[alienating ]] identifications.<ref>{{E}} p.128</ref></blockquote>
Although [[psychoanalytic treatment]] has powerful effects on the [[ego]], it is the [[subject]], and not the [[ego]], on which [[psychoanalysis]] primarily operates.
In [[Lacanlinguistics]] and [[logic]] plays on , the [[philosophicalsubject]] nuances of the latter term to emphasise a proposition is that his concept of the [[subjectabout]] concerns those aspects of which something is predicated, and is also opposed to the "[[humanobject]] ."<ref>{{L}} "[[beingWorks of Jacques Lacan|Proposition du 9 octobre 1967 sur le psychanalyste de l'École]] that cannot (or must not) be objectified (reified, reduced to a thing)" 1967, nor be studied in an 'objective' way[[Scilicet]]'', no. 1 ([[1968]]) p.19</ref>
=====Language=====
References to [[language]] come to dominate [[Lacan]]'s concept of the [[subject]] from the mid-1950s on.
He distinguishes the [[subject]] of the [[statement]] from the [[subject]] of the [[enunciation]] to show that because the [[subject]] is essentially a [[speaking]] [[being]] (''[[parlêtre]]''), he is inescapably [[divided]], [[castrated]], [[split]].
In the early 1960s [[Lacan]] defines the [[subject]] as that which is represented by a [[signifier]] for [[another ]] [[signifier]]; in other [[words]], the [[subject]] is an effect of [[language]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.835</ref>. --- Besides its place in [[linguistics]] and [[logic]], the term "[[subject]]" also has [[philosophical]] and [[legal]] connotations. In [[philosophical]] [[discourse]], it denotes an individual self-[[consciousness]], whereas in [[legal]] [[discourse]], it denotes a person who is under the power of another (e.g. a person who is subject to the sovereign).
The fact that the term also functions in possesses both these meanings means that it perfectly illustrates [[legalLacan]] 's [[discoursethesis]] to designate about the support determination of action; the [[subjectconsciousness]] is one who can be held by the [[responsibility|responsiblesymbolic order]] for his [[act]]s.
The term also functions in [[legal]] [[philosophicaldiscourse]] connotations to designate the support of the term are particularly emphasised by [[Lacanaction]], who links it with ; the [[Descartessubject]]'s is one who can be held [[philosophyresponsibility|responsible]] of the ''for his [[cogitoact]]'': s.
=====Subject of the Unconscious=====
The fact that the [[symbol]] of the [[subject]], '''S''', is a homophone of the [[Freud]]'s term ''[[Es]]'' ('[[Id]]') illustrates that for [[Lacan]], the true [[subject]] is the [[subject]] of the [[unconscious]].
In 1957 [[Lacan]] strikes through this [[symbol]] to produce the [[symbol]] '''$''', the "[[subject|barred subject]]," thus illustrating the fact that the [[subject]] is essentially [[divided]].
=====See Also====={{See}}* [[Analysand]]
* ''[[Cogito]]''
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* [[Enunciation]]
* [[Ego]]
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* [[Language]]
* [[Law]]
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* [[Linguistics]]
* [[Philosophy]]
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* [[Split]]
* [[Statement]]
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* [[Symbol]]
* [[Unconscious]]
{{Also}}
===== References =====<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
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[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
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