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Suicide was discussed <blockquote>There are some neurotics in the psychoanalytic literature as early as 1907whom, to judge by all their reactions, as recorded in the Minutes [[instinct]] of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (Nunberg, Hermann, and Federn, Ernst, 1962[[self]]-75), preservation has actually been reversed. They seem to have [[nothing]] in view but it was a rather superficial discussion, centered on the fact that the differing choice of means by men selfinjury and women reveals a primal sexual symbolismself-[[destruction]]. From this came the formula It is possible that "suicide is the climax of negative autoeroticism" (Minutes, Vol. 1, February 13, 1907, p. 114). This should be understood [[people]] who in the context of the opposition between the ego instincts and sexual instincts end do in Freud's earliest theorization: "In fact commit suicide the life instinct is overwhelmed by the libido" (Vol. 2, April 20, 1910, pbelong to this group. 494)<ref>{{OoPA}} Ch.1</ref></blockquote>{{Freudian Dictionary}}{{!}}

In this approach, suicide, interpreted as a substitute for psychosis, seems linked both to an inability to tolerate reality and to autoerotic regression: "Suicide is an a symptomatic act of defense of the normal ego against psychosis" (June 6, 1907). Drive regression is equally central connected most frequently to Freud's ideas on the subject of the suicide framework of high school students; at school "Teachers. . . .must exercise a life-maintaining influence[[depression]] and [[melancholy]]. Its etiology is varied and [[The function ofcomplex]] school , since it is to give characterized by the child, in this stage collapse of his detachment from his parentsthe ego, along with self-reproach and a new footing within diminution or a larger relationship" (Vol. 2[[loss]] of self-esteem—and, April 20at the same [[time]], 1910by a [[magic]] omnipotence which allows the annihilation of [[internal]] persecutors, p. 495). This should extend as far well as not to "deny them a manic [[feeling]] based on the right to linger even in those phases [[denial]] of their development that seem vexing[[death]] itself." There might well have been some evolution in Freud's thought hereWhile suicide may appear to be a response to persecutory [[guilt]], especially if it is considered that, at the very beginning he insisted on the connection between neurasthenia, masturbation, and the risk of suicide. However, Freud also stressed that "in many cases it is the fear a [[projection]] of incest itself that drives this guilt onto [[childrenobjects] to suicide" (p. 494), because of the enormous augmentation of ] as well as a liberation from their need for love at puberty; Freud went so far as to suggest, this being [[control]] through the case, that homosexuals make death the best teachers, the worst being those whom the repression of their homosexuality [[subject]] has turned into sadists, pushing their students to suicidechosen for himself.

Later Suicide was discussed in the [[psychoanalytic thought on suicide followed the main ideas of Freud on the subject. First of all]] [[literature]] as early as 1907, as recorded in the depressive context, suicide was considered self-punishment for Minutes of the desire to kill[[Vienna]] Psychoanalytic [[Society]] (Nunberg, primally directed toward anotherHermann, as Freud himself stated in Totem and Taboo: "The law of talionFedern, Ernst, which is so deeply rooted in human feelings1962-75), lays but it down was a rather superficial [[discussion]], centered on the fact that the differing [[choice]] of means by men and [[women]] reveals a murder can only be expiated by [[primal]] [[sexual]] [[symbolism]]. From this came the [[formula]] that "suicide is the sacrifice climax of another life: self-sacrifice points back to blood-guilt[[negative]] [[autoeroticism]]" (1912-13aMinutes, Vol. 1, February 13, 1907, p. 154114). Since then, This should be [[understood]] in the risk context of self-mutilation or the opposition between the ego [[instincts]] and sexual instincts in [[Freud]]'s earliest theorization: "In suicide with infantile or borderline personalities has been much emphasized the [[life]] instinct is overwhelmed by the [[libido]]" (KernbergVol. 2, OttoApril 20, 1984); this risk is especially a factor during fits of rage following disappointments which are blamed on others; or else there is a risk of suicide because of failure to achieve success (guilt)1910, or, even the failure of the cure (negative therapeutic reactionp. 494).

In factthis approach, the idea that suicide is self-punishment , [[interpreted]] as a [[substitute]] for the desire [[psychosis]], seems linked both to an inability to tolerate [[reality]] and to kill someone else cannot be understood completely apart from the process autoerotic [[regression]]: "Suicide is an act of [[defense]] of melancholia, whereby the loved/hated object has been introjected within the normal ego and has become against psychosis" (June 6, 1907). [[Drive]] regression is equally central to Freud's [[ideas]] on the target subject of the attacksuicide of high [[school]] students; at school "Teachers. More even than "self. . .must exercise a life-punishmentmaintaining influence. [The function of] school is to give the [[child]]," suicide would be murder in this [[stage]] of the other his detachment from his [[parents]], a new footing within oneselfa larger [[relationship]]" (Vol. 2, April 20, 1910, p. 495). This should extend as far as not to "Probably no one finds deny [[them]] the mental energy required [[right]] to kill himself unless, linger even in those phases of their [[development]] that seem vexing." There might well have been some evolution in the first placeFreud's [[thought]] here, in doing so he especially if it is considered that, at the same time killing an object with whom very beginning he has identified himselfinsisted on the connection between neurasthenia, [[masturbation]], andthe risk of suicide. However, Freud also stressed that "in many cases it is the second place, is turning against himself a death-wish which had been directed against someone else[[fear]] of [[incest]] itself that [[drives]] [[[children]]] to suicide" (1920a, p. 162494). , because of the enormous augmentation of their [[need]] for [[love]] at [[puberty]]; Freud explained went so far as to [[suggest]], this [[being]] the [[case]], that "homosexuals make the best teachers, the ego is destroyed by worst being those whom the object[[repression]] of their [[homosexuality]] has turned into sadists, pushing their students to suicide."

The enigma constituted by Later psychoanalytic thought on suicide followed the main ideas of Freud on the subject. First of all, in relation to the depressive context, suicide was considered self-preservative or ego instincts has also been approached in another way, through considering that it is accompanied paradoxically by a tentative intent [[punishment]] for the [[desire]] to reappropriate vital energykill, orprimally directed toward [[another]], indeedas Freud himself stated in [[Totem]] and [[Taboo]]: "The law of talion, which is even prompted so deeply rooted in [[human]] [[feelings]], lays it down that a [[murder]] can only be expiated by the fantasy sacrifice of beginning a new another life : self-sacrifice points back to blood-guilt" (Grinberg1912-13a, León, 1983p. 154). AccordinglySince then, suicide would result from a state the risk of crisis dominated by the feeling that something must change. The person committing self-mutilation or suicide "convokes death imaginally to assure himself paradoxically that life exists" with [[infantile]] or borderline personalities has been much emphasized (TriandafillidisKernberg, AlexandraOtto, 19911984). Ideal images ; this risk is especially a factor during fits of oneself and rage following disappointments which are blamed on [[others can then survive]]; or else there is a risk of suicide because of failure to achieve success (guilt), or, at even the price failure of the death of the bad objects cluttering the ego[[cure]] (negative therapeutic reaction).

In fact, the [[idea]] that suicide is self-punishment for the desire to kill someone else cannot be understood completely apart from the [[process]] of [[melancholia]], whereby the loved/hated [[object]] has been introjected within the ego and has become the target of the attack. More even than "self-punishment," suicide would be murder of the [[other]] within oneself. "Probably no one finds the [[mental]] [[energy]] required to kill himself unless, in the first [[place]], in doing so he is at the same time killing an object with whom he has [[identified]] himself, and, in the second place, is turning against himself a death-[[wish]] which had been directed against someone else" (1920a, p. 162). Freud explained that "the ego is destroyed by the object." The enigma constituted by suicide in relation to the self-preservative or ego instincts has also been approached in another way, through considering that it is accompanied paradoxically by a tentative intent to reappropriate vital energy, or, indeed, is even prompted by the [[fantasy]] of beginning a new life (Grinberg, León, 1983). Accordingly, suicide would result from a [[state]] of crisis dominated by the feeling that something must [[change]]. The person committing suicide "convokes death imaginally to assure himself paradoxically that life [[exists]]" (Triandafillidis, Alexandra, 1991). [[Ideal]] [[images]] of oneself and others can then survive, at the price of the death of the bad objects cluttering the ego. The vital stakes involved in this symptomatic conduct have inclined authors not only to attempt to [[understand ]] the suicidal [[mechanism]], but also to describe its advance [[symptoms]], evaluating the risk of suicide in [[order ]] to decide on a therapeutic approach, especially in a care-giving institutional setting. León Grinberg (1983) emphasized suicidal premeditation and the fact that a suicidal plan follows the idea of suicide, which was at first only a way of dealing with [[anxiety]]. Continuing to the act of suicide depends on an "[[encounter]]," which might favor tipping the fantasy into reality. This [[author ]] also examined factors of [[present ]] or [[past ]] vulnerability (feeling of culpability, [[narcissistic ]] wound, loss of loved object, and so forth). Otto Kernberg (1984) emphasized the need for the therapist not to be fooled by an accentuation of the manic element; he stressed the seriousness of cases where "[[aggressiveness ]] has infiltrated the grandiose Self," joined to an inability to enter into interpersonal relations and feel emotions. These considerations, however, concern psychotherapeutic strategies rather than the etiology of suicide.

# [[Freud, Sigmund]]. (1912-13a). Totem and taboo. SE, 13: 1-161.