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Weaning
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Weaning forms involves the basis for interactive [[process]] of interruption of the corporeal [[relationship]] between mother and child. It begins spontaneously during the positive aspect second six months of [[life]] as an effect of the weaning complex[[infant]]'s [[maturation]]; the infant manifests a decreased interest in feeding, especially if it has been breast fed, and begins an [[active]] [[search]] for [[autonomy]] that is, the image of nourishment that tends mother can perceive and facilitate according to establish her [[affective]] syntony with the most archaic infant, as [[Benjamin]] Spock described in "The Striving for Autonomy and stable feelings uniting the individual [[Regressive]] [[Object]] Relationship" (1963), according to her affective syntony with his or her family: It thus constitutes the basis of familial and social lifeinfant.
In L'Image inconsciente du corps his Introductory Lectures on [[Psycho]]-[[Analysis]] (The unconscious image of the body; 19841916-1917a [1915-1917]), Françoise Dolto discussed Sigmund [[Freud]] described weaning as an oral castration of [[traumatic]], perhaps owing to syntony, but also as the [[moment]] when [[nostalgia]] for the childmother appears, that which is[[present]] in all infants, an imposed deprivation of what for him or her is cannibalism and above all in relation to the motherthose who have not been breast fed. Dolto also elaborated E. Forman's concept of motherhood as a developmental stage and associated Melanie [[Klein]] studied the possibility of successful relations between weaning with and the motherdepressive [[position]] that accompanies it and that continues on thereafter. In "Les [[complexes]] familiaux dans la [[formation]] de l's ability to accept [[individu]]" ([[Family]] complexes in the interruption formation of body-to-body contactthe [[individual]]; 1938), and above all, to communicate with Jacques [[Lacan]] organized the infant various points of view in various waysthe following way: Traumatic or not, among them providing foodhe explained, but weaning leaves in the [[psyche]] a permanent trace of the [[biological]] relationship it interrupts. This moment also by means presents the twofold aspect of words and gesturesa crisis in the psyche, which represent the desire and possibility to speak for first that unquestionably has a [[dialectical]] [[structure]]. For the child: "The baby first [[time]], a vital tension is talking about feeding, but not about the breastexpressed in [[terms]] of a [[mental]] [[intention]]."
The time of weaning, ever earlier in our culture, represents the relational [[conflict]] characteristic of the late oral or oral-[[sadistic]] stage. Bernard Golse emphasized its ambivalent aspect, due to the fact that incorporating the mother becomes destructive with teething. The infant who suckles the breast attacks it and wins nourishment by inflicting hurt. The cannibalistic impulses of the two partners are reciprocally activated, and both must learn to [[sense]] and [[control]] [[aggression]]. This is indeed what happens in cases of "[[good]]" weaning, due both to a simultaneous establishing of distance by the mother and by the infant and to the [[working]] out of the child's [[aggressive]] and [[libidinal]] requirements in the [[presence]] of the mother as an object. Failures in weaning include late weaning (often because of the mother's desire to prolong the [[erotogenic]] [[pleasure]] of nursing), which can be experienced by the infant as [[punishment]] and which makes the process of [[separation]]/individuation difficult. Inversely, premature weaning—that is, before the infant has been able to invest [[other]] objects—has varying effects according to the circumstances. Among the most serious failures, there is fusion of the life [[instinct]] and the [[death]] instinct, as in cases of mental [[anorexia]] or addictions to orally ingested substances. In extreme cases of weaning following abandonment, Dolto explained in LesÉtapes majeures de l'[[enfance]] (The major [[stages]] of [[childhood]]; 1994), a behavioral [[regression]], due to residual [[fantasies]] from before the [[trauma]], compromises the previously acquired sound-producing capability of the larynx and the oral cavity. Psychogenic mutism can ensue, with or without [[loss]] of hearing. [[James ]] S. Grotstein studied the end of [[analytic ]] [[treatment ]] as a weaning that makes possible a liberation of [[narcissism ]] with the aim of accepting the [[world ]] as it is. [[Paul]]-Claude Racamier more specifically described weaning from the sleeping treatment, during which [[patients ]] are lavished with maternal care that helps them to emerge from the regression and to establish very deep bonds with the physician providing treatment.
==See Also==
==References==
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* [[Lacan, Jacques]]. (1984). [[Les complexes familiaux dans la formation de l'individu ]] (pp. 23-30; written for Encyclopédie française, Vol. 8). [[Paris]]: Larousse. (Original [[work ]] published 1938)
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