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{{Top}}fin d'[[Lacananalyse]] conceives of the [[end of analysis]] in various ways.{{Bottom}}
==Sigmund Freud==In ''[[LacanAnalysis Terminable and Interminable]] describes the '', [[Freud]] asks:<blockquote>"Is there such a [[thing]] as a [[natural]] end of to an analysis?"<ref>{{F}} ''[[Sigmund Freud:Bibliography|Analysis Terminable and Interminable]]'', 1937. [[SE]] in various waysXXIII p.219</ref></blockquote>
While not all [[treatment|analyses]] are carried through to their [[progress|conclusion]], any [[treatment|analysis]] -- however incomplete -- may be regarded as successful when it achieves this [[end of analysis|aim]]. The question of the [[end of analysis]] is therefore something more than whether a [[treatment|course]] of [[treatment|analytic treatment]] has or has not achieved its aim; it is a question of whether or not the [[treatment]] has reached its [[logical]] [[End of analysis|end-point]]. ===Definition===[[Lacan]] conceives of this [[End of analysis|end-point]] in various ways. :1. In the early 1950s, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as "the advent of a [[true]] [[speech]] and the realization by the [[subject]] of his [[history]]" -- that is, as coming to [[terms]] with one's own [[death|mortality]].<ref>{{E}} p. 88</ref> :<blockquote>"The [[subject]] ... begins the analysis by [[speaking]] about himself without speaking to you, or by speaking to you without speaking about himself. When he can [[speak]] to you about himself, the analysis will be over."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 373, n. 1</ref></blockquote> :2. In 1960, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as a [[state]] of [[anxiety]] and [[anxiety|abandonment]] -- that is, as a state of [[helplessness]]. :3. In 1964, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as the point when the [[analysand]] "traverses the radical [[fantasy]]."<ref>{{S11}} p.273</ref>
:4. In the final decade of his teaching, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as an "[[identification]] with the ''[[sinthome]]''."
====Position of Analysand and Analyst====
In general, the [[end of analysis]] involves two fundamental changes in the respective [[discourse|subjective positions]] of
* the [[analysand]] -- the "[[subjective destitution]]" of the [[analysand]], and
* the [[analyst]] -- the "[[loss of being]]" ([[French]]: ''[[désêtre]]'') of the [[analyst]].
The [[analyst]] is reduced -- from the [[discourse|position]] of the [[subject-supposed-to-know]] -- to a mere [[surplus]], a [[objet petit a]], the [[cause]] of the [[analysand]]'s [[desire]].
====Passage from Analysand to Analyst====
For [[Lacan]], the [[end of analysis]] is also the passage from [[analysand]] to [[analyst]] -- for all [[psychoanalysts]] must undergo [[analytic treatment]] from beginning to end before [[being]] allowed to [[practice]] as [[analysts]].
Since [[Lacan]] argues that all [[psychoanalysts]] should have experienced the [[process]] of [[analytic treatment]] from beginning to end, the [[end of analysis]] is also the passage from [[analysand]] to [[analyst]].
<blockquote>"The true termination of an analysis" is therefore no more and no less than that which "prepares you to become an analyst."<ref>{{S7}} p. 303</ref></blockquote>
===Misconceptions===
====Identification with the Analyst====
[[Lacan]] criticizes those [[psychoanalysts]] who describe the [[end of analysis]] in terms of [[identification]] with the [[analyst]].
For [[Lacan]], it is not only possible, but necessary to go beyond [[identification]], for otherwise it is not [[psychoanalysis]] but [[suggestion]] -- which is the antithesis of [[psychoanalysis]].
====Transference====
[[Lacan]] also criticizes those [[psychoanalysts]] who describe the [[end of analysis]] in terms of "liquidation" of the [[transference]].
For [[Lacan]], this erroneous view is based on a misunderstanding of [[transference]] -- as a kind of [[illusion]] which can be transcended -- which overlooks the [[symbolic]] [[nature]] of [[transference]] -- as an essential [[structure]] of [[speech]].
Although [[analytic treatment]] does involve the [[resolution]] of the [[particular]] ''[[transference|transference relationship]]'' established with the [[analyst]], [[transference]] itself still subsists after the [[end of analysis]].
====Other Misconceptions====
The [[end of analysis]] does not involve: