In "[[Analysis Terminable and Interminable]]," [[Freud]] discusses the question of whether it is ever possible to conclude an [[analysis]], or whether all analyses are necessarily incomplete (Freud, 1937c). Lacan's answer to this question is that it is indeed possible to speak of concluding an analysis. Although not all analyses are carried through to their conclusion, analytic treatment is a logical [[process]] which has an end, and Lacan designates this end-point by the term '[[end of analysis]]' (''{{Top}}fin d'analyse'').Given that many analyses are broken off before the end of analysis is reached, the question arises as to whether such analyses can be considered successful or not. To answer this question it is necessary to distinguish between the end of analysis and the aim of psychoanalytic [[treatment]]. The aim of psychoanalytic treatment is to lead the analysand to articulate the [[truth]] about his [[desireanalyse]]. Any analysis, however incomplete, may be regarded as successful when it achieves this aim. The question of the end of analysis is therefore something more than whether a course of analytic treatment has or has not achieved its aim; it is a question of whether or not the treatment has reached its logical end-point.Lacan conceives of this end-point in various ways.{{Bottom}}
l. ==Sigmund Freud==In the early 1950s, the end of analysis is described as "the advent of a true speech ''[[Analysis Terminable and the realisation by the subject of his history."<ref>EInterminable]]'', 88[[Freud]] asks:</refblockquote> (see "Is there such a [[speechthing]])."The as a [[subjectnatural]] ... begins the analysis by speaking about himself without speaking end to you, or by speaking to you without speaking about himself. When he can speak to you about himself, the an analysis will be over.?"<ref>Ec{{F}} ''[[Sigmund Freud:Bibliography|Analysis Terminable and Interminable]]'', 373, n1937. 1</ref>The end of analysis is also described as coming to terms with one's own [[mortalitySE]]XXIII p.219</ref>E, 104-5</refblockquote>
2. In 1960, ==Jacques Lacan==[[Lacan describes the end of analysis as ]]'s answer is that [[psychoanalytic treatment]] is a state of [[anxietyprogress|logical process]] with a beginning and abandonmentan end-point, and compares it to designated as the "[[helplessness]] end of the human [[infantanalysis]]".
3. In 1964 he describes it as the point when the [[analysand]] has "===Aim===The [[traverseend of analysis|''end'' of analysis]]d must be distinguished from the radical ''[[fantasyEnd of analysis|aim]]."<ref>Sll, 273</ref> (see '' of [[fantasypsychoanalytic treatment]]).
4. In the last decade of his teaching, he describes the The [[end of analysis as "|aim]] of [[identificationtreatment]] with is to lead the ''[[sinthomeanalysand]]''", and as "knowing what to do with articulate the sinthome." (see '''[[sinhometruth]]'')' [[about]] his or her [[desire]].
Common to While not all these formulations is the idea that the end of analysis involves a change in the [[subjective positiontreatment|analyses]] of the are carried through to their [[analysand]] (the analysand's '[[subjective destitutionprogress|conclusion]]'), and a corresponding change in the position of the any [[analysttreatment|analysis]] (the loss of [[being]] [Fr. ''désêtre''] of the analyst, the fall of the analyst from the position of the [[subject-supposed-tohowever incomplete --know]]). At the may be regarded as successful when it achieves this [[end of the analysis, the analyst is reduced to a mere [[surplus]], a pure [[objet petit a]], the [[cause of desire|cause of the analysand's desireaim]].
Since Lacan argues that all psychoanalysts should have experienced The question of the [[processend of analysis]] is therefore something more than whether a [[treatment|course]] of analytic [[treatment|analytic treatment]] from beginning to end, the end has or has not achieved its aim; it is a question of analysis is also whether or not the passage from [[analysandtreatment]] to has reached its [[analystlogical]]. "The true termination [[End of an analysis" is therefore no more and no less than that which "prepares you to become an analyst|end-point]]."<ref>S7, 303</ref>
In 1967, Lacan introduced the procedure of the ===Definition===[[passLacan]] as a means conceives of testifying to the end this [[End of one's analysis. By means of this procedure, Lacan hoped to avoid the dangers of regarding the |end of analysis as a quasi-mystical, ineffable experience. Such a view is antithetical to psychoanalysis, which is all about putting things into wordspoint]] in various ways.
Lacan criticises those :1. In the early 1950s, [[psychoanalystLacan]]s who have seen describes the [[end of analysis in terms ]] as "the advent of a [[identificationtrue]] with [[speech]] and the realization by the analyst. In opposition to this view [[subject]] of psychoanalysis, Lacan states his [[history]]" -- that the "crossing of the plane of identification is possible."<ref>Sll, 273</ref>Not only is it possible as coming to go beyond identification, but it is necessary, for otherwise it is not psychoanalysis but suggestion, which is the antithesis of psychoanalysis; "the fundamental mainspring of the analytic operation is the maintenance of the distance between the I - identification - and the a[[terms]] with one's own [[death|mortality]]."<ref>S11, 273{{E}} p. 88</ref>
Lacan also rejects the idea that the end of analysis involves the 'liquidation' of the [[transference]].:<ref>see S11, 267</refblockquote>"The idea that the transference can be 'liquidated' is based on a misunderstanding of the nature of the transference, according to which the transference is viewed as a kind of [[illusionsubject]] which can be transcended. Such a view is erroneous because it entirely overlooks .. begins the analysis by [[symbolicspeaking]] nature of the transference; transference is part of the essential about himself without speaking to you, or by speaking to you without speaking about himself. When he can [[structurespeak]] of [[speech]]. Although analytic treatment involves the resolution of the particular transference relationship established with the analystto you about himself, transference itself still subsists after the end of analysiswill be over."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 373, n.1</ref></blockquote>
Other misconceptions of the end of analysis which :2. In 1960, [[Lacan rejects are: "strengthening ]] describes the ego", "adaptation to reality" and "happiness". The [[end of analysis is not the disappearance of the ]] as a [[symptomstate]], nor the of [[cureanxiety]] of an underlying disease (e.g. and [[neurosisanxiety|abandonment]])-- that is, since analysis is not essentially as a therapeutic process but a search for state of [[truthhelplessness]], and the truth is not always beneficial.<ref>Sl7, 122</ref>
:3. In 1964, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as the point when the [[analysand]] "traverses the radical [[fantasy]]."<ref>54{{S11}} p. 273</ref>
:4. In the final decade of his teaching, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as an "[[identification]] with the ''[[sinthome]]''." ====ReferencesPosition of Analysand and Analyst====In general, the [[end of analysis]] involves two fundamental changes in the respective [[discourse|subjective positions]] of * the [[analysand]] -- the "[[subjective destitution]]" of the [[analysand]], and * the [[analyst]] -- the "[[loss of being]]" ([[French]]: ''[[désêtre]]'') of the [[analyst]]. The [[analyst]] is reduced -- from the [[discourse|position]] of the [[subject-supposed-to-know]] -- to a mere [[surplus]], a [[objet petit a]], the [[cause]] of the [[analysand]]'s [[desire]]. ====Passage from Analysand to Analyst====For [[Lacan]], the [[end of analysis]] is also the passage from [[analysand]] to [[analyst]] -- for all [[psychoanalysts]] must undergo [[analytic treatment]] from beginning to end before [[being]] allowed to [[practice]] as [[analysts]]. Since [[Lacan]] argues that all [[psychoanalysts]] should have experienced the [[process]] of [[analytic treatment]] from beginning to end, the [[end of analysis]] is also the passage from [[analysand]] to [[analyst]]. <referencesblockquote>"The true termination of an analysis" is therefore no more and no less than that which "prepares you to become an analyst."<ref>{{S7}} p. 303</ref></blockquote> ===Misconceptions=======Identification with the Analyst====[[Lacan]] criticizes those [[psychoanalysts]] who describe the [[end of analysis]] in terms of [[identification]] with the [[analyst]]. For [[Lacan]], it is not only possible, but necessary to go beyond [[identification]], for otherwise it is not [[psychoanalysis]] but [[suggestion]] -- which is the antithesis of [[psychoanalysis]]. ====Transference====[[Lacan]] also criticizes those [[psychoanalysts]] who describe the [[end of analysis]] in terms of "liquidation" of the [[transference]]. For [[Lacan]], this erroneous view is based on a misunderstanding of [[transference]] -- as a kind of [[illusion]] which can be transcended -- which overlooks the [[symbolic]] [[nature]] of [[transference]] -- as an essential [[structure]] of [[speech]]. Although [[analytic treatment]] does involve the [[resolution]] of the [[particular]] ''[[transference|transference relationship]]'' established with the [[analyst]], [[transference]] itself still subsists after the [[end of analysis]]. ====Other Misconceptions====The [[end of analysis]] does not involve: * the strengthening the [[ego]]* the [[adaptation]] to [[reality]]* the [[disappearance]] of the [[symptom]]* the [[cure]] of an underlying disease (e.g.''[[neurosis]]'')
For [[Lacan]], [[analysis]] is not essentially a [[treatment|therapeutic process]] but rather a [[search]] for [[truth]] -- and the [[truth]] is not always beneficial.<ref>{{S17}} p. 122</ref>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Analysand]]
* [[Analyst]]
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* [[Fantasy]]
* [[Sinthome]]
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* [[Speech]]
* [[Subject]]
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* [[Symptom]]
* [[Transference]]
{{Also}}
==References==[[Category<div style="font-size:Terms]]11px" class="references-small">[[Category:Concepts]]<references/>[[Category:Treatment]]</div>
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
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