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[[Lacan]] asserts that [[ethics|ethical thought]] "is at the centre of our [[work ]] as [[analysts]],"<ref>{{S7}} p. 38</ref> and a [[whole ]] year of his [[seminar]] is devoted to discussing the articulation of [[ethics]] and [[psychoanalysis ]].<ref>Lacan{{L}} ''[[Seminar VI|Le Séminaire. Livre VI. L'éthique de la psychanalyse, 1959-60]]''. Ed. [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]. [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1986 [''[[Seminar VI|The Seminar. Book VI. The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959-60]]''. Trans. Dennis Porter. [[London]]: Routledge, 1992].</ref>

On the side of the [[analysand]] is the problem of [[guilt ]] and the pathogenic [[nature ]] of [[civilized]] [[morality]].

=====Civilized Morality=====In his earlier work, [[Freud]] posited a basic [[conflict ]] between the [[demand]]s of "[[ethics|civilized morality]]" and the essentially [[moral|amoral]] [[sexual]] [[drive]]s of the [[subject]].

When [[ethics|morality]] gains the upper hand in this conflict, and the [[drives ]] are too strong to be [[sublimation|sublimated]], [[sexuality]] is either expressed in [[perversion|perverse forms]] or [[repression|repressed]], the latter leading to [[neurosis]].

In [[Freud]]'s view, "[[ethics|civilized morality]]" is at the root of [[neurosis|nervous illness]].<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|'Civilized' Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness]]." 1908d. [[SE]] IX, 1908d179</ref>

=====Sense of Guilt==========Superego=====[[Freud]] further developed his [[ideas ]] on the pathogenic nature of [[ethics|morality]] in his [[theory ]] of an [[unconscious]] [[sense ]] of [[guilt]], [[superego]], an [[superego|interior moral agency ]] which becomes more cruel to the extent that the [[ego]] submits to its [[demand]]s (.<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Ego and the Id]]''. 1923b. [[SE]] XIX, 1923b3.</ref>).

=====Sense of Guilt=====

Certainly not by telling the [[analysand]] that he is not really [[guilty]], or by attempting "to soften, blunt or attenuate" his sense of [[guilt]],<ref>{{S7}} p.3</ref> or by [[treatment|analyzing ]] it away as a [[neurotic]] [[illusion]].

On the contrary, [[Lacan]] argues that the [[analyst]] must take the [[analysand]]'s sense of [[guilt ]] seriously, for at bottom whenever the [[analysand]] feels [[guilty ]] it is because he has, at some point, given way on his [[desire]].

Secondly, how is the [[analyst]] to respond to the [[ethics|pathogenic morality]] which [[acts ]] via the [[superego]]?

[[Freud]]'s views of [[ethics|morality]] as a pathogenic force might seem to imply that the [[analyst]] simply has to [[help ]] the [[analysand]] free himself from [[moral ]] constraints.

However, which such an [[interpretation]] may find some support in [[Freud]]'s earlier work,<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud |'Civilized' Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness]]." 1908d. [[SE]] IX, 179</ref> [[Lacan]] is firmly opposed to such a view of [[Freud]], preferring the more [[pessimistic ]] [[Freud]] of ''[[Civilization and Its Discontents]]''<ref>{{F}} 1930''[[Civilization and Its Discontents]]''. 1930a. [[SE]] XXI, 59.</ref>the analyst simply has to help the analysand free himself from moral constraintsand [[stating]] categorically that "Freud was in no way a progressive."<ref>{{S7}} p. 183</ref>

[[Psychoanalysis]], then, is not simply a libertine ethos.

pessimistic Freud of Civilization and Its Discontents (Freud, 1930a) and stating categorically that 'Freud was in no way =====Psychoanalytic Treatment=====This seems to [[present]] the [[analyst]] with a progressivemoral dilemma."<ref>{{S7}} p.183</ref>

This seems to present On the analyst one hand, he cannot simply align himself with a moral dilemma[[ethics|civilised morality]], since this [[ethics|morality]] is pathogenic.

On the one [[other]] hand, nor can he cannot simply align himself with civilised moralityadopt an opposing libertine approach, since this too remains within the field of [[morality is pathogenic]].<ref>{{S7}} p. 3-4</ref>

On The rule of [[neutrality]] may seem to offer the other handanalyst a way out of this dilemma, but in fact it does not, nor can he simply adopt for [[Lacan]] points out that there is no such [[thing]] as an opposing libertine approach, since this too remains within the field of morality.<ref>{{S7}} p.3-4)[[ethics|ethically neutral position]].

The rule of neutrality may seem to offer the [[analyst a way out of this dilemma]] cannot avoid, but in fact it does notthen, for Lacan points out that there is no such thing as an ethically neutral positionhaving to face [[ethics|ethical questions]].

The =====Neutral Ethical Position=====An [[ethics|ethical position]] is implicit in every way of directing [[psychoanalytic treatment]], whether this is admitted or not by the [[analyst cannot avoid, then, having to face ethical questions]].

"Have you acted in conformity with The [[ethics|ethical position]] of the desire [[analyst]] is most clearly revealed by the way that is in you?"he formulates the [[end of analysis|goal of the treatment]].<ref>{{S7}} p.314207</ref>

(This system of rules attributes values It is in opposition to behaviors by judging them this [[ethics|ethical position]] that [[Lacan]] sets out to be good or bad according to their intrinsic moral qualities or their concrete social consequencesformulate his own [[ethics|analytic ethic]]. )

=====Psychoanalytic Ethics=====The [[Lacan]] rejects the "traditional ethics|analytic ethic]] of that [[AristotleLacan]], formulates is an [[Kantethics|ethic]] and other which relates [[moralact]] ion to [[philosophersdesire]].

Traditional ethics revolves around the concept of the [[GoodLacan]].Traditional ethics is concerned summarizes it in the question "Have you acted in conformity with the [[Sovereign Good]]desire that is in you?"<ref>{{S7}} p. 314</ref>.

The He contrasts this [[psychoanalyticethics|ethic]] with the "[[ethics|traditional ethics]]"<ref>{{S7}} p. 314</ref> of [ethic[Aristotle]] sees the , [[GoodKant]] is an obstacle in the path of and other [[desirephilosophy|moral philosophers]]on several grounds.

In =====Traditional Ethics==========Good=====Firstly, [[ethics|traditional ethics]] revolves around the the [[psychoanalysisconcept]] of the [[ethics|Good]], proposing different "'a radical repudiation of a certain ideal [[ethics|goods]]" which all compete for the [[position]] of the good is necessary[[ethics|Sover­eign Good]]."<ref></ref>

The [[ethics|psychoanalyticethic]] , however, sees the [[ethicethics|Good]] rejects all ideals (as an obstacle in the path of [[desire]]; thus in [[psychoanalysis]] "happinessa radical [[repudiation]] of a certain [[ideal]] of the [[good]] is necessary." and "health").<ref>{{S7}} p.219230</ref>

The [[desire ethics|psychoanalytic ethic]] rejects all ideals, including ideals of "[[happiness]]" and "health"; and the analystfact that [[ego-psychology]] cannot therefore has embraced these ideals bars it from claiming to be the a [[form]] of [[desirepsychoanalysis]] to 'do good' or 'to cure'.<ref>{{S7}} p.218219</ref>

Traditional =====Pleasure=====Secondly, [[ethics|traditional ethics tends ]] has always tended to link the [[ethics|good]] to [[pleasure]]; [[ethics|moral thought]] has "developed along the paths of an essentially hedonistic problematic."<ref>{{S7}} p.221</ref>

The [[Moralethics|psychoanalytic ethic]] , however, cannot take such an approach because [[thoughttreatment|psychoanalytic experience]] has "developed along revealed the paths duplicity of an essentially hedonistic problematic."<ref>{{S7}} p[[pleasure principle|pleasure]]; there is a [[limit]] to [[pleasure principle|pleasure]] and, when this is transgressed, [[pleasure principle|pleasure]] becomes [[jouissance|pain]].221</ref>

The psychoanalytic ethic====="Service of Goods"=====Thirdly, however[[ethics|traditional ethics]] revolves around "the service of goods"<ref>{{S7}} p. 314</ref> which puts work and a safe, cannot take such an approach because psychoanalytic experience has revealed the duplicity ordered [[existence]] before questions of pleasure[[desire]]; there is a limit it tells [[people]] to pleasure and, when this is transgressed, pleasure becomes pain make their [[desire]]s wait.<ref>{{S7}} p. 315</ref>

==The Service [[ethics|psychoanalytic ethic]], on the other hand, forces the [[subject]] to confront the relation between his [[act]]ions and his [[desire]] in [[time|immediacy]] of Goods==the [[time|present]].

Traditional =====Psychoanalytic Theory=====After his 1959-60 [[seminar]] on [[ethics revolves around "]], [[Lacan]] continues to locate [[ethics|ethical questions]] at the service heart of goods."<ref>{{S7}} p[[psychoanalytic theory]].314</ref>

Traditional He [[interpretation|interprets]] the ''soll'' in [[Freud]]'s famous phrase ''Wo es war, soll Ich werden'' ("Where id was, there ego shall be")<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis]]''. 1933a: [[SE]] XXII, 80</ref> as an [[ethics puts work |ethical duty]],<ref>{{E}} p. 128</ref> and a safe, ordered argues that the status of the [[unconscious]] is not [[ontological]] but [[existenceethical]] before questions of desire; it tells people to make their desires wait.<ref>{{S7S11}} p.31533</ref>.

The [[psychoanalytic ethic]] forces the [[subject]] to confront the relation between his actions and his [[desire]] in immediacy of the present. ==The Ethics of Psychoanalysis===Speech=====An ethical position is implicit in every way In the 1970s he shifts the emphasis of directing [[ethics|psychoanalytic treatmentethics]]. The ethical position of from the [[analyst]] is most clearly revealed by the way that he formulates the [[goal]] question of the [[treatmentact]].<ref>{{S7}} p.207</ref>  For example ing ("Have you acted in accordance with your desire?") to the formulations question of [[ego-psychologyspeech]] about the ; it now becomes an [[adaptationethics|ethic]] of the "[[egospeaking]] to [[reality]] imply a normative well" (''l'éthique du Bien-[[ethicsdire]]''.<ref>{{S7L}} p.3021973a: 65</ref>  It is in opposition to this ethical position that [[Lacan]] sets out to formulate his own [[analytic]] [[ethic]]. The [[analytic]] [[ethic]] that [[Lacan]] formulates is an [[ethic]] which relates [[action]] to [[desire]].

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