#redirect {{Top}}hallucinations|hallucination{{Bottom}} ==Psychiatric Definition==[[illusionHallucination]]s are usually defined in [[psychiatry]] as "[[false]] perceptions," that is, perceptions which arise "in the absence of an appropriate [[external]] stimulus."<ref>American [[Psychiatric]] [[Association]]. 1987. p. 398</ref> ==Psychotic Hallucinations==[[Lacan]] finds such definitions inadequate, since they ignore the [[dimension]] of [[meaning]] and [[signification]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.77; {{E}} p. 180</ref> [[Hallucination]]s are a typical phenomenon of [[psychosis]], and are usually auditory (hearing voices), but may also be [[visual]], somatic, tactile, olfactory, or gustatory. ==Operation of Foreclosure==[[Lacan]] argues that [[psychotic]] [[hallucination]]s are a consequence of the operation of [[foreclosure]]. [[Foreclosure]] refers to the [[absence]] of the [[Name-of-the-Father]] from the [[symbolic|symbolic universe]] of the [[psychotic]] [[subject]]. A [[hallucination]] is the [[return]] of this [[foreclosed]] [[signifier]] in the dimension of the [[real]]; "that which has not emerged into the light fo the [[symbolic]] appears in the real."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 388</ref> This is not to be confused with [[projection]], which [[Lacan]] regards as a [[mechanism]] proper to [[neurosis]] rather than [[psychosis]]. In this [[distinction]], [[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]]'s [[analysis]] of [[Schreber]]'s [[hallucination]]s. <blockquote>"It was incorrect to say that the [[perception]] which suppressed internally is projected outwards; the [[truth]] is rather, as we now see, that what was abolished internally returns from without.<ref>[[Freud|Freud, Sigmund]]. "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|Psycho-Analytic Notes on an Autobiographical Account of a Case of Paranoia (Dementia Paranoides)]]," 1911c. [[SE]] XII. p. 71</ref></blockquote> ==Structure of Desire==While [[hallucination]]s are most commonly associated with [[psychosis]], there is [[another]] [[sense]] in which they play an important part in the [[structure]] of [[desire]] in all [[subject]]s. [[Freud]] argues that "[t]he first wishing seems to have been a hallucinatory cathecting of the [[memory]] of [[satisfaction]]."<ref>[[Freud|Freud, Sigmund]]. ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Interpretation of Dreams]]'', 1900a. [[SE]] V. p. 598</ref> ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Foreclosure]]* [[Psychosis]]||* [[Name-of-the-Father]]* [[Neurosis]]||* [[Projection]]* [[Psychosis]]||* [[Real]]* [[Signifier]]{{Also}} ==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div> {{OK}}[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Practice]] __NOTOC__
