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Lack
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{{Top}}manque{{Bottom}}
==Translator's Note=="''Manque''" is translated here as "lack", except in the expression, created by [[Lacan]], "''manque-à-être''", for which [[Lacan]] himself has proposed the [[English]] neologism "[[want]]-to-be". ==Lack and Desire==The term "[[lack]]" is always related, in [[Lacan]]'s teaching, to [[desire]]. It is a [[lack]] which causes [[desire]] to arise.<ref>{{S8}} p. 139</ref> However, the precise [[nature]] of what is [[lack]]ing varies over the course of [[Lacan]]'s [[Works of Jacques Lacan|work]]. ==Lack of Being==When the term first appears, in 1955, [[lack]] designates first and foremost a [[lack|lack of being]]. What is [[desire]]d is [[being]] itself. <blockquote>Desire is a relation of being to lack. The lack is the lack of being properly [[speaking]]. It isn't the lack of this or that, but lack of being whereby the being [[exists]]."<ref>{{S2}} p. 223</ref></blockquote> [[Lacan]] returns to this theme in 1958, when he argues that [[desire]] is the [[metonymy]] of the [[lack|lack of being]] (''[[lack|manque à être]]'').<ref>{{E}} p. 259; translated by [[Sheridan]] as "want-to-be"</ref> The [[subject]]'s [[lack|lack of being]] is "the heart of the [[analytic]] [[experience]]" and "the very field in which the [[neurotic]]'s [[passion]] is deployed.<ref>{{E}} p. 251</ref> [[Lacan]] contrasts the [[lack|lack of being]], which relates to [[desire]], with the [[lack|lack of having]] (''[[lack|manque à avoir]]''), which relates to [[demand]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 730</ref> ==Lack of an Object==In 1956, [[lack]] comes to designate the [[lack]] of an [[object]]. [[Lacan]] distinguishes between [[three]] kinds of [[lack]], according to the nature of the [[object]] which is [[lack]]ing, as shown in the [[figure]] below.<ref>{{S4}} p. 269</ref><!-- In the [[child]] as in the [[adult]], the lack of the object can appear in three specific modes: frustration, privation, and castration. In each of these three cases there is lack of the object, but in each [[case]] the nature of the lack is qualitatively different. The same is [[true]] of the type of object in question. -->{| style="width:85%; height:200px" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"|+ '''[[:Image:Lacan-threelacks.jpg|Table of three types of lack of object]]'''<BR>! align="center" | AGENT !! align="center" | LACK !! align="center" | OBJECT|-| align="center" | [[Real]] [[father]]| align="center" | [[Symbolic]] [[castration]] || align="center" | [[Imaginary]] [[phallus]]|-| align="center" | [[Symbolic]] [[mother]]| align="center" | [[Imaginary]] [[frustration]]| align="center" | [[Real]] [[breast]]|-| align="center" | [[Imaginary]] [[father]]| align="center" | [[Real]] [[privation]]| align="center" | [[Symbolic]] [[phallus]]|} Of these three forms of [[lack]], [[castration]] is the most important from the point of view of [[treatment|analytic experience]], and the term "[[lack]]" tends to become synonymous with [[castration]]. In 1957, when [[Lacan]] introduces the [[algebraic]] [[symbol]] for the [[bar]]red [[Other]] (<strike>A</strike>), [[lack]] comes to designate the [[lack]] of a [[signifier]] in the [[Other]]. [[Lacan]] introduces the [[symbol]] '''S(<strike>A</strike>)''' to designate "the signifier of a lack in the Other." No matter how many [[signifier]]s one adds to the [[signifying chain]], the [[chain]] is always [[lack|incomplete]]; it always [[lack]]s the [[signifier]] that could complete it. This "[[lack|missing signifier]]" (written '''-1''' in [[Lacan]]ian [[algebra]]) is constitutive of the [[subject]]. ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Algebra]]* [[Desire]]* [[Being]]||* [[Castration]]* [[Object]]* [[Phallus]]||* [[Privation]]* [[Signifier]]* [[Signifying chain]]{{Also}} ==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div> {{OK}}[[Category:Language]][[Category:Symbolic]][[Category:Imaginary]][[Category:PsychoanalysisReal]]
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