Changes
The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).
An important [[distinction ]] in [[Saussure]]'s [[linguistics]] which poses considerable [[translation ]] problems.Unlike [[English]], [[French ]] has two [[terms ]] that can both mean 'language': ''[[langage]]'' and ''[[langue]]'', as in ''la langue franCaise'' ('the [[French language]]').''Langage'' tends, in contrast, to be used of the [[human ]] faculty of language in the abstract [[philosophical ]] [[sense]], and not of specific [[natural ]] [[languages]].''[[Parole]]'' can be translated as both ''[[speech]]'' and ''[[word]]''.
Because it is so difficult to find strict equivalents in English, it has become conventional to use the French terms.
[[Saussure]] follows the norms of French usage in using ''langage'' to refer ot the phenomenon of [[language]] insofar as it is a human attribute.
''Langue'', in contrast, is defined as the [[social ]] aspect of [[language]].
It has little to do with individuals, and can be described as the product of a [[linguistic]] contact between all members of a [[community]].
''Langue'' consists of [[sign]]s organized into a [[system ]] and expressive of [[ideas]].As the [[sign]]s constituting it are [[arbitrary ]] and purely conventional, it is the differences between [[them ]] that confer [[meaning]] upon them.
''Langue'' can therefore be said to be an organized system of differences.
''Langue'' is the [[object]] of [[semiology]], or the [[science]] that studies the [[life ]] of [[sign]]s within [[society]].
''Parole'', in contrast, refers to the [[individual ]] aspect of [[language]], or to the actual manifestations of ''langue'' in individual [[speech act]]s.The [[relationship ]] between ''langue'' and ''parole'' takes the [[form ]] of a [[dialectic]]: at the level of ''parole'' individuals are creative agents whose linguistic innovations can modify ''langue'', but only by becoming impersonal elements of a system over which individuals have no [[control]].
The [[dialectic]] between the two aspects of [[language]] is the motor-force behind linguistic evolution.
[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category:SymbolicUnsorted]]
