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== Sigmund Freud ==Freud has often been accused of a crude determinism, since no slip or blunder, no matter how apparently insignificant, is ever ascribed to {{Top}}contingency|chance (''chance''). {{Bottom}}

Indeed==Sigmund Freud==[[Freud]] has often been accused of a [[chance|crude determinism]], Freud wrotesince no [[slip]] or blunder, 'I believe in external (real) chanceno matter how apparently insignificant, it is true, but not in internal (psychical) accidental eventsever ascribed to [[chance]]."<ref>Freud, 1901: 257</ref>

--- [[Sigmund Freud]] is often accused of crude determinism.Indeed, [[Freud]] almost never ascribes accident events to chance.No slip or blunder, no matter how apparently insignificantwrote, is ever ascribed to [[chance]]. [[Freud]] states: "I believe in [[external ]] (real) chance, it is [[true]], but not in [[internal ]] ([[psychical]]) accidental events."<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Psychopathology of Everyday Life]]'', 1901: . [[SE]] VI. p. 257</ref>

[[Lacan]] expresses the same [[belief]] in his own [[terms. ]]: [[Chancechance]], in the [[sense ]] of pure [[time|contingency]], only [[exists]] in the [[real]].  In the [[symbolic]] [[order]], there is no such thing as pure chance.

==''Automaton'' and ''Tyche''==In the [[seminar ]] of 1964, [[Lacan]] uses [[Aristotle]]'s [[distinction ]] between two kinds of [[chance ]] to illustrate this distinction between the [[real]] and the [[symbolic]].

In the second book of the ''[[Physics]]'', where the [[concept ]] of causality (see [[causecausality]]) is discussed, [[Aristotle]] explores the [[role ]] of [[chance ]] and [[chance|fortune ]] in [[causality]].

He distinguishes between two types of [[chance]]: * ''[[automaton]]'', which refers to chance events in the [[world ]] at large, and * ''[[tyche]]'', which designates [[chance]] insofar as it affects agents who are capable of [[ethics|moral ]] [[action]].---

The term thus comes to designate those phenomena which seem to be [[Lacanchance]] redefines but which are in [[automatontruth]] as "the network [[repetition|insistence]] of signifiers", thus locating it the [[signifier]] in determining the [[symbolic ordersubject]].

The term thus comes to designate those phenomena which seem to be chance but which are in truth the insistence of ''[[Automaton]]'' is not truly [[arbitrary]]: only the [[signifierreal]] in determining the is truly arbitrary, since "[[subjectThe Real|the real]]is beyond the ''automaton''."<ref>{{S11}} p. 59</ref>

==Real==The [[Automatonreal]] is not truly arbitrary: only the aligned with ''[[realtyche]] is truly arbitrary'', since which [[Lacan]] redefines as "the [[encounter]] with the real is beyond the automaton."<ref>{{S11}} p.59</ref>

The [[real]] ==Trauma==It is aligned with ''a knock on the door that interrupts a [[tychedream]]'', which and on a more painful level it is [[Lacantrauma]] redefines as "the encounter with the real".

The [[Tychetrauma]] thus refers to the incursion of the tic [[realevent]] into the [[symbolic]] [[order]]: unlike the ''[[automaton]]'', which is the [[structure]] of the [[symbolic]] order which determines encounter with the [[subjectreal]], ''[[tyche]]'' is purely arbitrary, beyond the determinations of the [[symbolic]] extrinsic to [[ordersignification]].

It is a knock on the door that interrupts a ==See Also=={{See}}* [[dreamCausality]], and on a more painful level it is * [[traumaReal]]. ||* [[Signification]]* [[Signifier]]||* [[Subject]]* [[Symbolic]]{{Also}}

[[Category:TermsPsychoanalysis]][[Category:ConceptsSigmund Freud]]

[[Category:PsychoanalysisConcepts]][[Category:Terms]]{{OK}} __NOTOC__