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Chance
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==''Automaton'' and ''Tyche''==In the [[seminar]] of 1964, [[Lacan]] uses [[Aristotle]]'s [[distinction]] between two kinds of [[chance]] to illustrate this distinction between the [[real]] and the [[symbolic]]. In the second book of the ''[[Physics]]'', where the [[concept]] of [[causality]] is discussed, [[Aristotle]] explores the [[role]] of [[chance]] and [[chance|fortune]] in [[causality]]. He distinguishes between two types of [[chance]]: * ''[[automaton]]'', which refers to chance events in the [[world]] at large, and * ''[[tyche]]'', which designates [[chance]] insofar as it affects agents who are capable of [[ethics|moral]] [[action]]. ==Symbolic==[[Lacan]] redefines ''[[automaton]]'' as "the network of [[signifiers]]", thus locating it in the [[symbolic order]]. The term thus comes to designate those phenomena which seem to be [[chance]] but which are in [[truth]] the [[repetition|insistence]] of the [[signifier]] in determining the [[subject]]. ''[[Automaton]]'' is not truly [[arbitrary]]: only the [[real ]] is truly arbitrary, since "[[The Real|the real]] is beyond the ''automaton''."<ref>{{S11}} p. 59</ref> ==Real==The [[real]] is aligned with ''[[tyche]]'', which [[Lacan ]] redefines as "the [[encounter ]] with the real". ''[[Tyche ]]'' thus refers to the incursion of the [[real ]] into the [[symbolic ]] [[order]]: unlike the ''[[automaton]]'', which is the [[structure ]] of the [[symbolic order ]] which determines the [[subject]], ''[[tyche ]]'' is purely arbitrary, beyond the determinations of the [[symbolic ]] [[order]]. ==Trauma==
It is a knock on the door that interrupts a [[dream]], and on a more painful level it is [[trauma]].
The [[trauma]]tic [[event]] is the encounter with the [[real]], extrinsic to [[signification]]. ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Causality]]* [[Real]]||* [[Signification]]* [[Signifier]]||* [[Subject]]* [[Symbolic]]{{Also}}
==References==
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