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{{Les termesTop}}demande{{Bottom}}
demand (demande) The French terms demander and demande lack the==Jacques Lacan====Early Work==
connotations of imperativeness and urgency conveyed by [[Lacan]] begins to use the English wordterm "[[demand]]" in 1958.
'demand', and are perhaps closer to the English words 'ask for' and 'request'.
HoweverIn the [[seminar]] of 1956-7, all English translations [[Lacan]] argues that the '''cry''' of Lacan use the term 'demand' '[[helplessness|human infant]]''' -- its '''call''' (''l'appel'') to the '''[[mother]]''' -- is not merely an [[instinct|instinctual signal]] but is "inserted in order toa [[synchronic]] [[world]] of cries organized in a symbolic [[system]]."<ref>{{S4}} p. 182, 188</ref>
maintain consistencyIn other [[words]], the [[infant]]'s screams become organized in a [[linguistic]] [[structure]] long before the [[child]] is capable of articulating recognizable words.
Although ==Need, Demand and Desire==It is the term [[symbolic|symbolic nature]] of the infant'demand' only begins to figure prominently in s screams which forms the kernel of [[Lacan]]'s[[concept]] of [[demand]], which Lacan introduces in 1958 in the context of his [[distinction]] between [[need]], [[demand]] and [[desire]].
work from 1958 on==Articulation of Need==Lacan argues that since the [[infant]] is incapable of performing the specific actions that would [[satisfy]] its [[biological]] [[need]]s, related themes are already present it must articulate those [[need]]s in vocal [[form]] ([[demand]]s) so that [[another]] (the [[mother]]) will perform the 1956-7 seminarspecific [[action]] instead.
It The primary example of such a [[biological]] [[need]] is hunger, which the [[child]] articulates in this seminar that Lacan discusses the call a scream (l'appel[[demand]]), the baby's cry to so that the[[mother]] will feed it.
mother (S4==Demand for the Other's Love==However, 182)because the object]] which [[satisfies]] the [[child]]'s [[need]] is provided by another, it takes on the added [[significance]] of [[being]] a proof of the [[Other]]'s [[love]]. Lacan argues that this cry (cri) is not merely an instinctual
signal but 'is inserted Accordingly [[demand]] too acquires a [[double]] function: in addition to articualting a synchronic world of cries organised in [[need]], it also becomes a symbolic[[demand]] for [[love]].
system' And just as the [[symbolic]] function of the [[object]] as a proof of [[love]] overshadows its [[real]] function as that which [[satisfies]] a [[need]], so too the [[symbolic]] [[dimension]] of [[demand]] (S4, 188as a [[demand]] for [[love]]) eclipses its real function (as an articulation of [[need]]). In other words, the infant's screams become organised in a
linguistic structure long before =Desire=It is this double function which gives [[birth]] to [[desire]], since while the child [[need]]s which [[demand]] articulates may be [[satisfied]], the craving for [[love]] is capable of articulating recognisableunconditional and [[insatiable]], and hence persists as a leftover even after the [[need]]s have been satisfied; this leftover constitutes [[desire]].
words==Helplessness==[[Demand]] is thus intimately linked to the [[human]] [[subject]]'s initial [[helplessness]].
It is By forcing the symbolic nature [[analysand]] to express himself entirely in [[speech]], the [[treatment|psychoanalytic situation]] puts him back in the [[position]] of the [[helpless]] [[infant's screams which forms the kernel of]], thus encouraging [[regression]].
Lacan's concept <blockquote>"Through the mediation of the demand, which Lacan introduces in 1958 in the context of[[whole]] [[past]] opens up [[right]] to early infancy. [[The Subject|The subject]] has never done anything other than demand, he could not have survived otherwise, an we just follow on from there."<ref>{{E}} p. 254</ref></blockquote>
his distinction between NEED==Analysand==However, while the [[speech]] of the [[analysand]] is itself already a [[demand and DESIRE]] (for a reply), this [[demand]] is underpinned by deeper [[demand]]s (to be [[cure]]d, to be revealed to himself, to become an [[analyst]]).<ref>{{E}} p. Lacan argues that since the254</ref>
infant is incapable ==Analyst==The question of performing how the specific actions that would satisfy its[[analyst]] engages with these [[demands]] is crucial.
biological needsCertainly the [[analyst]] does not attempt to gratify the [[analysand]]'s [[demand]]s, but nor is it must articulate those needs in vocal form (demands) so thatsimply a question of [[frustration|frustrating]] [[them]].
another (==Development==In 1961, [[Lacan]] rethinks the mother) will perform the specific action insteadvarious [[stages]] of [[libidinal]] organisation as forms of [[demand]]. The primary
example The [[development|oral phase]] of such [[development]] is constituted by a biological need [[demand]] (made by the [[subject]]) to be fed (which is hunger, which a [[demand]] made by the child articulates in a[[subject]]).
scream (In the [[development|anal stage]], on the other hand, it is not a question of the [[subject]]'s [[demand]], but the [[demand]] of the [[Other]] (the parent who disciplines the child in potty-[[training]]) so that the mother will feed it.<ref>{{S8}} p. 238-46, 269</ref>
However, because In both of these [[development|pregenital stage]]s the object which satisfies [[satisfaction]] of [[demand]] eclipses [[desire]]; only in the child's need is provided by[[genital stage]] does [[desire]] comes to be fully constituted.<ref>{{S8}} p. 270</ref>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Analysand]]
* [[Analyst]]
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* [[Biology]]
* [[Development]]
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* [[Desire]]
* [[Love]]
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* [[Mother]]
* [[Need]]
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* [[Other]]
* [[Speech]]
||
* [[Structure]]
* [[Treatment]]
{{Also}}
another, it takes on the added significance of being a proof of the Other's love.==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div>
Accordingly demand too acquires a double function[[Category: in addition to articulatingPsychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]] a need, it also becomes a demand for love. And just as the symbolic function of[[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Treatment]]the object as a proof of love overshadows its real function as that which[[Category:Practice]][[Category:Concepts]]satisfies a need, so too the symbolic dimension of demand (as a demand for love) eclipses its real function (as an articulation of need). It is this double function which gives birth to desire, since while the needs which demand  articulates may be satisfied, the craving for love is unconditional and insati- able, and hence persists as a leftover even after the needs have been satisfied; this leftover constitutes desire.[[Category:Terms]] Demand is thus intimately linked to the human subject's initial HELPLESSNESS.{{OK}}
By forcing the analysand to express himself entirely in speech, the psycho- analytic situation puts him back in the position of the helpless infant, thus encouraging REGRESSION.  Through the mediation of the demand, the whole past opens up right down to  early infancy. The subject has never done anything other than demand, he  could not have survived otherwise, and we just follow on from there.  (E, 254) However, while the speech of the analysand is itself already a demand (for a reply), this demand is underpinned by deeper demands (to be cured, to be  revealed to himself, to become an analyst) (E, 254). The question of how the analyst engages with these demands is crucial. Certainly the analyst does not  attempt to gratify the analysand's demands, but nor is it simply a question of frustrating them (see FRUSTRATION).  In 1961, Lacan rethinks the various stages of libidinal organisation as forms  of demand. The oral stage is constituted by a demand to be fed, which is a  demand made by the subject. In the anal stage, on the other hand, it is not a question of the subject's demand, but the demand of the Other (the parent who disciplines the child in potty-training) (S8, 238-46, 269). In both of these pregenital stages the satisfaction of demand eclipses desire; only in the genital  stage does desire come to be fully constituted (S8, 270).==def==The concept of demand is not Freudian. It was developed by Jacques Lacan, who linked it with need and desire (Lacan, 1966, 1991). Demand is identifiable by the five clinical traits that constitute it, by the status that it gives the object, by its function in relation to the Other, and finally by its topological register. Regarding demand, we can say that 1) it arises only from speech; 2) it is addressed to someone; 3) it is nevertheless only implicit; 4) it is related to a need for love, but also to desire; 5) it does not need to be... == deff == In [[Lacan]]ian [[psychoanalysis]], a '''demand''' results when a [[lack (psychoanalysis)|lack]] in [[the Real]] is phrased into [[the Symbolic]] medium of [[language]]. Whether or not demands achieve their apparent aims, they are always successful in the sense that all parapraxes or slips of the tongue are successful - they faithfully express [[unconscious]] signifying formations.  But because the Real is never totally symbolizable, a residue or kernel of [[desire (psychoanalysis)|desire]] is left behind by every demand, representing a lost surplus of [[jouissance]] for the [[subject (philosophy)|subject]]. "Don't give me what I ask for, that's not it." [[Category:Lacan]][[Category:Psychoanalysis]]__NOTOC__
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