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{{Top}}développement{{Bottom}}
=====Ego-Psychology==========Temporal Development=====[[Psychoanalysis]] is presented by [[ego-psychology]] as a [[form]] of [[development|developmental psychology]], with the emphasis placed on the [[time|temporal]] [[development (]] of the [[Frenchchild]]: ''développement'') ==Developmental Psychology==s [[sexuality]].
=====Pregenital to Genital Stages=====According to this [[Ego-Psychologyinterpretation]] presents , [[psychoanalysisFreud]] as a form of 'shows how the [[developmental psychologychild]] [[progress]]es through the various [[development|pregenital stages]] (the [[development|oral]] and [[development|anal stages]]) to maturity in the [[genital|genital stage]].
=====Criticism=====
In the early 1950s, [[Lacan]] becomes critical of [[development]] for various reasons.
# Firstly, it presupposes a [[natural]] [[order]] for [[development|sexual]] [[development]] and takes no account of the [[symbolic]] articulation of [[human]] [[sexuality]], thus ignoring the fundamental differences between [[drive]]s and [[instinct]]s. # Secondly, it is based on a [[time|linear concept ]] of [[time]] which is completely at odds with the [[psychoanalytic theory]] of [[time]]. # Finally, it assumes that a final [[dialectic|synthesis]] of [[sexuality]] is both possible and [[neurosis|normal]], whereas for [[Lacan]] no such [[synthesis]] [[exists]].
Furthermore, [[Lacan]] argues points out that such a state "the object which corresponds to an advanced stage of final [[wholenessinstinctual]] and maturity is not possible because the [[subject]] is irremediably [[split]], and the [[metonymy]] of [[desire]] is unstoppablea rediscovered object."<ref>{{S4}} p. 15</ref>
He argues that the various "[[stage]]s" analysed by [[Freud]] ([[oral]], [[anal]] and [[genital]]) are not observable [[Lacanbiology|biological]] disputes phenomena which develop [[nature|naturally]], such as the geneticist reading [[development|stage]]s of [[Freuddevelopment|sensoriomotor development]], describing it as a but "mythology of instinctual maturationobviously more complex [[structures]]."<ref>{{E}} p.54)242</ref>
[[Lacan]] thus dismisses all attempts to draw [[science|empirical evidence]] for the sequence of [[development|psychosexual stage]]s by means of "They are ordered in the retroaction so-called direct observation of the Oedipus complex.child,"<ref>{{E}} p.197242</ref>and places the emphasis on the reconstruction of such [[stages]] in the [[analysis]] of [[adults]].
<blockquote>"It is by starting with the [[Lacanexperience]] thus dismisses all attempts to draw empirical evidence for the sequence of psychosexual stages by means of "the so-called direct observation of [[adult]] that we must grapple, retrospectively, ''nachträglich'', with the child,supposedly original experiences."<ref>{{ES1}} 242p. 217</ref> and places the emphasis on the reconstruction of such stages in the [[analysis]] of adults.</blockquote>
=====Symbolic Structure=====What interests [[Lacan]], however, is not interested in this chronological sequence, since it only deals with "the emergence, properly speaking, phenomena ([[external]] [[appearance]]) of [[language]] but the way [[language]] positions the [[subject]] in a phenomenon."<ref>{{Sl}} p[[symbolic]] [[structure]].179</ref>
On the contrary, [[Lacan's opposition to notions ]] insists on the [[historicity]] of the [[psyche]], and sees the restoration of development fluidity and evolution are not based on an opposition movement to the notion [[psyche]] as the aim of psychic change in itself[[psychoanalytic treatment]].
=====History of the Subject=====
It follows that questions of exactly when the [[ego]] is constituted, or when the [[child]] enters the [[Oedipus complex]], which have led to so much controversy between other [[school]]s of [[psychoanalysis]], are of little interest to [[Lacan]].
While [[Lacan]] admits that the "ego is constituted at a specific [[moment ]] in the history of [[The Subject|the subject]],"<ref>{{SlS1}} p.l15</ref> and that there is a moment when the [[Oedipus complex]] is formed, he is not interested in the question of exactly when those moments occur.
The question of when the [[child]] makes his entry into the [[symbolic]] [[order]] is irrelevant to [[psychoanalysis]].
All that matters is that before he does so he is incapable of [[speech]] and so inaccesible to [[psychoanalysis]], and that after he does so everything prior to that moment is transformed retroactively [[retroactive]]ly by the [[symbolic]] [[system]].
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Biology]]
* [[Complex]]
* [[Defence]]
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* [[Dual relation]]
* [[Ego-psychology]]
* [[Genital]]
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* [[Language]]
* [[Mirror stage]]
* [[Nature]]
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* [[Oedipus complex]]
* [[Preoedipal phase]]
* [[Psychoanalysis]]
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* [[Signifier]]
* [[Speech]]
* [[Structure]]
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* [[Subject]]
* [[Symbolic]]
* [[Time]]
{{Also}}
==References==
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[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Freudian psychology]]
[[Category:HelpEdit]]
[[Category:Terms]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]
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