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{{Topp}}[[Ego-psychology]psychologie] ([[Fr]]. ''[[psychologie du moi]]'') has been -- since its development in the 1930s -- the dominant [[school]] of [[psychoanalysis]] in the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]).{{Bottom}}
Rudolph [[Loewenstein]], Lacan's [[training]] analyst, had been one of the founding fathers of [[Ego Psychology|Ego psychology]], having fled [[Nazi]] [[persecution]] in the 1940s.
==Autonomous Ego==Founded by European immigrants, this [[Anna Freudschool]]'s book ''of psychoanalysis overemphasized [[The Ego adaptation|adjustment]] and [[adaptation]] of the Mechanisms [[individual]] to existing [[social]] [[conditions]]. In the view of Defencethe American [[analysts]]'' (1936) was one the [[ego]] is to be protected, the job of the first works analysis is to focus almost entirely on reinforce the [[ego]] against the [[demand]]s of the [[instinctual]] [[id]], the [[moralistic]] [[superego]] and the trend became firmly established in [[external]] [[reality]]. [[ego-psychology|Ego-psychologists]], like [[Heinz Hartmann]]'s '', [[Ego Psychology Ernst Kris]] and [[Rudolph Loewenstein]], asserted that the Problem of Adaptation[[ego]]had an aspect that was not tied up with the individual'' s [[neurosis|neurotic]] conflicts. There was a [[conflict]]-free zone (1939), which is now regarded as the foundational text of "[[autonomous ego-psychology]]"), which seemed free to act and choose, independent of constraints.
==Treatment==In their view the [[analyst]]'s [[Ego-psychologyrole]] was taken to become an ally of the 'healthy' [[ego]] forces in their [[United Statesstruggle]] by to dominate [[instinct]]s and [[drive]]s. It was said that the Austrian analysts who emigrated there [[patient]], in [[order]] to strengthen his or her "[[autonomous ego]]", should [[identify]] with the [[ego]] of the [[psychoanalyst]]. Hence it was the late 1930s, [[analyst]]'s job to develop a powerful [[ego]].<!-- [[Heinz Hartmann]]'s ''[[Ego Psychology and since the early 1950s it has been Problem of Adaptation]]'' (1939) is regarded as the foundational [[text]] of [[ego-psychology]]. [[Hartmann]] was convinced that the dominant school innate elements of a "conflict-free" sphere allow the [[ego]] to function autonomously and independently of [[mental]] conflict. According to [[Hartmann]], [[psychoanalytic]] treatment aims to expand the conflict-free sphere of ego functioning. By doing so, [[Hartmann]] believed, [[psychoanalysis]] not only facilitates [[adaptation]], that is, more effective mutual regulation of [[ego]] and [[environment]]. [[Treatment]] tends to be based on the establishment of a therapeutic alliance in which the [[United Statespatient]] but also in [[identifies]] with the whole strong [[ego]] of the [[IPAanalyst]].-->
==History==[[Ego-psychology]] was taken to the [[United States]] by the Austrian analysts who emigrated there in the late 1930s, and since the early 1950s it has been the dominant school of [[psychoanalysis]] not only in the [[United States]] but also in the [[whole]] of the [[IPA]]. This [[position ]] of dominance has enabled [[ego-psychology ]] to [[present ]] itself as the inheritor of Freudian [[Freud]]ian [[psychoanalysis ]] in its purist [[form]], when in fact there are radical differences between some of its tenets and [[Freud]]'s work.
For much of his professional [[life]], [[Lacan ]] disputed [[ego-psychology]]'s [[claim ]] to be the [[true ]] heir to the [[Freudian ]] legacy, even though [[Lacan]]'s [[analyst]], [[Rudolph Loewenstein]], was one of [[ego-psychology]]'s founding fathers. <!-- After [[Lacan]] was expelled from the [[IPA]] in 1953, he was free to [[voice]] his criticisms of [[ego-psychology]] openly, and during the rest of his life he developed a sustained and powerful critique. Much of [[Lacan]]ian [[theory]] cannot be properly [[understood]] without reference to the [[ideas]] of [[ego-psychology]] with which [[Lacan]] contrasts it. --><!-- His criticisms of [[ego-psychology]] are often intertwined with his criticisms of the [[IPA]] which was dominated by this [[particular]] [[school]] of [[thought]]. [[Lacan]] presents both [[ego-psychology]] and the [[IPA]] as the "antithesis" of true psychoanalysis.<ref>{{E}} p.l16</ref> [[Lacan]] argues that both were irremediably corrupted by the [[culture]] of the United States (see [[factor c]]). [[Lacan]]'s powerful critique has meant that few [[people]] now accept uncritically the claims of [[ego-psychology]] to identify itself as "classical psychoanalysis." -->
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Adaptation]]
* [[Autonomous ego]]
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* [[Factor C]]
* [[Id]]
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* [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]]
* [[Psychoanalysis]]
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* [[Psychology]]
* [[Superego]]
{{Also}}
==References==
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Psychology]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Jacques LacanSchools]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
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