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{{Topp}}[[Ego-psychology]psychologie] ([[Fr]]. ''[[psychologie du moi]]'') has been -- since its development in the 1930s -- the dominant [[school]] of [[psychoanalysis]] in the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]).{{Bottom}}
==Autonomous Ego==
Founded by European immigrants, this [[school]] of psychoanalysis overemphasized [[adaptation|adjustment]] and [[adaptation]] of the [[individual]] to existing [[social]] [[conditions]]. In the view of the American [[analysts]] the [[ego]] is to be protected, the job of analysis is to reinforce the [[ego]] against the [[demand]]s of the [[instinctual]] [[id]], the [[moralistic]] [[superego]] and [[external]] [[reality]]. [[ego-psychology|Ego-psychologists]], like [[Heinz Hartmann]], [[Ernst Kris]] and [[Rudolph Loewenstein]], asserted that the [[ego]] had an aspect that was not tied up with the individual's [[neurosis|neurotic]] conflicts. There was a [[conflict]]-free zone (the "[[autonomous ego]]"), which seemed free to act and choose, independent of constraints.
==Treatment==In their view the [[Anna Freudanalyst]]'s book [[role]] was to become an ally of the 'healthy'[[The Ego ego]] forces in their [[struggle]] to dominate [[instinct]]s and [[drive]]s. It was said that the [[patient]], in [[order]] to strengthen his or her "[[autonomous ego]]", should [[identify]] with the Mechanisms [[ego]] of Defencethe [[psychoanalyst]]'' (1936) . Hence it was one of the first works [[analyst]]'s job to focus almost entirely on the develop a powerful [[ego]], and the trend became firmly established in .<!-- [[Heinz Hartmann]]'s ''[[Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation]]'' (1939), which is now regarded as the foundational [[text ]] of [[ego-psychology]].[[Hartmann]] was convinced that the innate elements of a "conflict-free" sphere allow the [[ego]] to function autonomously and independently of [[mental]] conflict. According to [[Hartmann]], [[psychoanalytic]] treatment aims to expand the conflict-free sphere of ego functioning. By doing so, [[Hartmann]] believed, [[psychoanalysis]] facilitates [[adaptation]], that is, more effective mutual regulation of [[ego]] and [[environment]]. [[Treatment]] tends to be based on the establishment of a therapeutic alliance in which the [[patient]] [[identifies]] with the strong [[ego]] of the [[analyst]]. -->
==History==[[Ego-psychology]] was taken to the [[United States]] by the Austrian analysts who emigrated there in the late 1930s, and since the early 1950s it has been the dominant school of [[psychoanalysis]] not only in the [[United States]] but also in the [[whole ]] of the [[IPA]]. This [[position]] of dominance has enabled [[ego-psychology]] to [[present]] itself as the inheritor of [[Freud]]ian [[psychoanalysis]] in its purist [[form]], when in fact there are radical differences between some of its tenets and [[Freud]]'s work.
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Adaptation]]
* [[Autonomous ego]]
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* [[Factor C]]
* [[Id]]
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* [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]]
* [[Psychoanalysis]]
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* [[Psychology]]
* [[Superego]]
{{Also}}
==References==
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Psychology]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Jacques LacanSchools]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
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