63-5, 141-3 Conversations{{Top}}vérité{{Bottom}}
[[Truth]] is one of the most central, and yet most [[complex]] [[terms]] in [[Lacan]]'s [[discourse]].
Truth (''vérité'') is one of the most central, and yet most complex terms in Lacan's discourse. A few basic points are clear and constant in Lacan's concept of truth; truth always refers to truth about desire, and the ==Psychoanalysis==The [[aim ]] of [[psychoanalytic ]] [[treatment ]] is to lead the [[analysand ]] to articulate this the [[truth]] of his or her [[desire]].
[[Truth ]] does not await, in some preformed [[state ]] of fullness, to be revealed to the [[analysand ]] by the [[analyst; on the contrary]], it but is gradually rather constructed in the dialectical [[dialectic]]al movement of the [[treatment ]] itself.<ref>{{Ec, }} p.144</ref>
==Philosophy==[[Lacan ]] argues, in opposition to the traditions of classical [[philosophy]], that [[truth ]] is not beautiful<ref>{{S7, }} p.217</ref> and that it is not necessarily beneficial to learn the [[truth]].<ref>Sl7, {{S17}} p.122</ref>
While [[Lacan always ]] speaks [[about ']] "[[truth' ]]" in the [[singular]], this is not as a single [[universal ]] [[truth]], but an absolutely as [[particular ]] [[truth]], unique to each [[subject]].<ref>see {{S7, }} p.24</ref>
==Language==
[[Truth]] is only a meaningful [[concept]] in the context of [[language]]:
However, beyond these few simple points, it <blockquote>"It is impossible to give a univocal definition with the appearance of [[language]] that the way Lacan uses the term, since it functions in multiple contexts simultaneously, in opposition to a wide variety [[dimension]] of terrns[[truth]] emerges."<ref>{{E}} p. 172</ref></blockquote>
All [[Psychoanalytic]] [[treatment]] is based on the fundamental premise that will be attempted here, therefore, [[speech]] is a general indication of some the only means of revealing the contexts in which it functions[[truth]] about [[desire]].
==<blockquote>"[[Truth versus exactitude==Exactitude is a question of 'introducing measurement ]] hollows its way into the [[real',]] thanks to the dimension of [[speech]]. There is neither [[true]] nor [[false]] prior to [[speech]]."<ref>E, 74{{S1}} p.228</ref> and constitutes the aim of the exact sciences.</blockquote>
Truth==Science==From [[Lacan]]'s earliest writings, howeverthe term "[[truth]]" has metaphysical, concerns desire even mystical, nuances which is not a matter for the exact sciences but for the sciences of subjectivityproblematise any attempt to articulate [[truth]] and [[science]].
Therefore truth is only a meaningful concept in the context of language: 'It is with not that [[Lacan]] denies that [[science]] aims to [[know]] the appearance of language [[truth]], but simply that the dimension of [[science]] cannot [[claim]] to monopolise [[truth emerges]] as its exclusive property.'<ref>E, 172{{Ec}} p.79</ref>
Psychoanalytic treatment [[Lacan]] later argues that [[science]] is in fact based on a [[foreclosure]] of the fundamental premise that speech is the only means concept of revealing the [[truth about desire]] as [[cause]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 874</ref>
'Truth hollows its way into the real thanks to The concept of [[truth]] is essential for [[understanding]] [[madness]], and modern [[science]] renders [[madness]] meaningless by ignoring the dimension concept of speech. There is neither true nor false prior to speech[[truth]].'<ref>Sl, 228{{Ec}} p.153-4</ref>
==Truth and Deception==
[[Truth]] is intimately connected with [[deception]], since lies can often reveal the [[truth]] about [[desire]] more eloquently than honest statements.
==Truth [[Deception]] and lies are not the opposite of [[Sciencetruth]]==From Lacan's earliest writings: on the contrary, they are inscribed in the term '[[text]] of [[truth' has metaphysical, even mystical, nuances which problematise any attempt to articulate truth and science]].
It The [[analyst]]'s [[role]] is not that Lacan denies that science aims to know reveal the [[truth, but simply that science cannot claim to monopolise truth as its exclusive property]] inscribed in the [[deception]] of the [[analysand]]'s [[speech]].<ref>Ec, 79</ref>
Lacan later argues that science is Although the [[analysand]] may in fact based on a foreclosure of effect be saying to the concept of truth as cause.<ref>Ec[[analyst]] "I am deceiving you, 874</ref> " the [[analyst]] says to the [[analysand]]:
The concept of truth <blockquote>"In this I am deceiving to you, what you are sending as [[message]] is essential for understanding madnesswhat I express to you, and modern science renders madness meaningless by ignoring in doing so you are telling the concept of truth.<ref>Ec, 153{{S11}} p.139-40; {{S4}} p.107-48)</ref></blockquote>
==Truth, lies and deceptionFalse Appearances==Truth is intimately connected with deceptionThe false [[appearance]]s presented by the [[analysand]] are not merely obstacles that the [[analyst]] must expose and discard in [[order]] to discover the [[truth]]; on the contrary, since lies can often reveal the truth about desire more eloquently than honest statements[[analyst]] must take [[them]] into account (see [[semblance]]).
Deception ==Error and lies are not Mistakes==[[Psychoanalysis]] has shown that the opposite of truth: on the contrary, they are inscribed in the text of [[truth]] about [[desire]] is often revealed by mistakes ([[parapraxes]]).
The analyst's role is to reveal the complex relations between [[truth inscribed ]], mistakes, error and [[deception]] are evoked by [[Lacan]] in a typically elusive phrase when he describes "the deception [[structuration]] of the analysand's speechin [[search]] of truth" as "error taking flight in deception and recaptured by mistake."<ref>{{S1}} p. 273</ref>
Although ==Fiction==[[Lacan]] does not use the analysand may term "[[fiction]]" in effect be saying to the analyst [[sense]] of 'I am deceiving you', the analyst says to the analysand a falsehood'In this I am deceiving to you, what you are sending as message is what I express to you, and but in doing so you are telling the truthsense of a [[scientific]] [[construct]].<ref>(S11,139-40; see S4, 107-8){{S7}} p.12</ref>
Thus [[Lacan]]'s term "[[fiction]]" corresponds to [[Freud]]'s term ''Konvention'', convention,<ref>{{S11}} p.163</ref> and has more in common with [[truth]] than falsehood.
==Truth versus false appearances==The false appearances presented by the analysand are not merely obstacles Indeed, [[Lacan]] states that the analyst must expose and discard in order to discover the [[truth; on the contrary, the analyst must take them into account (see ]] is [[structure]]d like a [[semblancefiction]]).<ref>{{E}} 306; {{Ec}} 808</ref>
==Truth, error and mistakesThe Real==Psychoanalysis has shown that the truthabout desire is often revealed by mistakes (parapraxes).<ref>see The opposition which [[ActLacan]]</ref> The complex relations draws between [[truth, mistakes, error ]] and deception are evoked by Lacan in a typically elusive phrase when he describes 'the structuration of speech in search of truth' as 'error taking flight in deception and recaptured by mistake.'[[real]] dates back to his pre-war writings,<ref>Sl, 273{{Ec}} p.75</ref>and is taken up at various points;
==Truth and fiction==Lacan does not use the term 'fiction' in the sense of 'a falsehood', but in the sense of a scientific construct (Lacan takes his cue here from Bentham).<refblockquote>see S7, 12</ref> Thus Lacan's term 'fiction' corresponds "We are used to Freud's term Konvention, convention,<ref>see S11, 163</ref> and has more in common with truth than falsehoodthe real. Indeed, Lacan states that The truth is structured like a fictionwe [[repress]]."<ref>{{E, 306; Ec, 808}} p.169</ref></blockquote>
==Truth and the real==The opposition which Lacan draws between truth and the real dates back to his pre-war writings,<ref>e.g. Ec, 75</ref> and is taken up at various points; 'We are used to the real. The truth we repress.'<ref>E, 169</ref>However, [[Lacan ]] also points out that [[truth ]] is similar to the [[real]]; it is [[impossible ]] to articulate the [[whole ]] [[truth]], and '"[p]recisely because of this [[impossibility]], [[truth ]] aspires to the real.'"<ref>Lacan, 1973a: {{TV}} p. 83</ref>
==See Also=={{See}}* [[Analysand]]* [[Analyst]]* [[Cause]]* [[Desire]]||* [[Dialectic]]* [[Philosophy]]* [[Science]]* [[Semblance]]||* [[Speech]]* [[Structure]]* [[Subject]]* [[Treatment]]{{Also}} == References ==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
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