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In [[Latin]] this [[word]] denoted a [[material]] representration or image, usually a deity.
==Baudrillard==The term has been given a new importance by [[Baudrillard]]'s account of postmodernity. A [[discussion]] of the [[role]] of the simulacrum in Greek and Roman theories of [[representation]] can be found in the Appendices to [[Deleuze]]'s ''[[Logic]] of [[Sense]]'' (1969). [[Baudrillard]]'s most systematic expositions of his [[theory]] of simulacra are to be found in his ''[[Symbolic]] [[Exchange]] and [[Death]]'' (1976) and ''Simulacra and Simulations'' (1981). For [[Baudrillard]], a [[simulacrum]] is a reproduction of an [[object]] or [[event]] characteristic of a specific stage in the [[history]] of the [[image]] or [[sign]]. He traces a series of [[stage]]s in its emergence. ===First Order===Whereas the [[image]] was once a [[reflection]] of a basic [[reality]], as in the [[feudal order]] in which [[sign]]s were clear indications of hierarchical status, it came to mask or [[pervert]] a basic [[reality]] when, in the baroque period that privileged [[artifice]] and [[counterfeit]] over [[natural]] [[sign]]s, [[arbitrary]] or artificial [[sign]]s began to proliferate. Such [[sign]]s are described as first [[order]] [[simulacra]]. ===Second Order===With the mass production of industrial [[objects]] in [[Benjamin]]'s 'era of mechanical reproduction', second order [[simulacra]] predominated as 'originals' lost their [[mystic]] [[aura]]. Such [[simulacra]] [[signal]] the [[absence]] of a basic [[reality]]. ===Third Order===The [[third]] order [[simulacra]] of [[postmodernity]] have no relation to [[reality]] whatsoever, and are their own pure [[simulacrua]] or imitations of imitations. ===Disneyland Example===The ultimate [[simulacra]] is Disneyland. According to [[Baudrillard]], Disneyland is presented as [[imaginary]] - or simulates its own imaginary [[nature]] - in order to make us believe that the rest of America is [[real]] rather than something belonging to the order of [[simulation]] and [[hyperreality]]. ==See Also==* [[Image]]* [[Spectacle]]* [[Postmodernity]]* [[Reality]]* [[Simulation]]* [[Hyperreality]]* [[Sign]]* [[Benjamin]]* [[Baudrillard]]* [[Image]] ==References==<references/> [[Category:PsychoanalysisPostmodern theory]]
[[Category:Terms]]
