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=====More===Sigmund Freud==
[[Freud]] describes [[psychoanalysis]] as comprising:
# a [[discipline]] founded on a procedure for the investigation of [[mental]] [[processes]] that are otherwise inaccessible because they are [[unconscious]];
# a therapeutic method for the treatment of [[neurotic]] disorders; and
# a [[body]] of [[psychological]] data evolving into a new scientific discipline.
The technique that evolved is the method of [[Freudfree association]]'s third , with the patient or analysand lying on a couch and broadest category comprises his work on culture (which is based largely on with the analyst sitting slightly to the view that culture rear and out of eyeshot. The [[patient]] is a product of required to tell everything and omit [[nothing]]; the diversion [[analyst]] to listen to everything and to privilege nothing. [[Free association]] around [[dreams]] or [[sublimationmemories]] allows [[unconscious]] [[chain]]s of sexual energy) [[fantasies]] and [[wish]]es to be reconstructed and artthen [[interpreted]] so as to uncover underlying [[structures]], which provides , typically, relate to the starting-point for the many varieties of [[psychoanalytic criticismOedipus complex]] and [[repressed]] [[childhood]] [[memories]], usually with a sexual [[content]].
The central factor in the [[analytic treatment]] is the [[transference]] that allows [[unconscious]] or [[repressed]] material to be reactualized in [[verbal]] [Freud[form]]'s ventures into rather than reproduced in [[anthropologysymptom]]s, which he views as an integral part of his new scientific discipline, are also influenced by nineteenth-century theories of evolution and by their attendant [[eurocentrismprojection|projected]]; hence onto the analogy between [[analyst]]. In a classic [[Freud]]ian [[psychoanalysis]], the "mental life [[analysand]] has daily sessions of savages and neurotics" posited in ''[[Totem and Tabooanalysis]], each lasting fifty minutes (the so-called 'analytic hour' (1913); the payment of fees is held to have great [[symbolic]] importance. [[Freud]] never claimed that his method was a [[universal]] panacea, and the argument but once remarked with typically [[pessimistic]] wit that the life of an indiviudal reit could transform "[[hysterical]] misery" into "common unhappiness."<ref>1893-enacts or repeats the life of the species5.</ref>
==Jacques Lacan==[[FreudLacan]] trained initially as a [[psychiatrist]] constantly revises , and reworks turned to [[psychoanalysis]] to [[help]] him with his [[psychiatric]] research. This then led [[Lacan]] to train as a [[psychoanalyst]] himself in the 1930s. From then on, until his theories[[death]] in 1981, and all the modifications he introduces are closely related dedicated himself to developments at the clinical elevel practicing as he gradually abandons an [[analyst]] and developing [[psychoanalytic theory]]. In the therapeutic technique [[process]], [[Lacan]] constructed a highly original way of hypnosis discussing [[psychoanalysis]] which both reflected and determined an original way of conducting the [[catharsistreatment]] ; in avor this [[sense]] it is thus possible to [[speak]] of a specifically [[Lacanian]] form of the [[talking curepsychoanalytic treatment]]. However, and moves from his early [[seduction theoryLacan]] never admits that he has created a distinctive "[[Lacanian]] " form of [[hysteriapsychoanalysis]] . On the contrary, when he describes his own approach to a theory of both [[neurosispsychoanalysis]] and normal , he speaks only of "[[developmentpsychoanalysis]] ," thus implying that his own approach is based upon the discovery only authentic form of [[psychoanalysis]], the only one which is truly in line with [[Oedipus complexFreud]] and its vital importance 's approach. Thus the [[three]] major non-[[Lacanian]] [[school]]s of [[psychoanalytic theory]] ([[Kleinian psychoanalysis]], [[Ego-psychology]], [[Object-relations theory]]) are all, in psychosexual development[[Lacan]]'s view, deviations from authentic [[psychoanalysis]] whose errors his own [[return to Freud]] is designed to correct.
==See Also=={{See}}* [[FreudPsychology]]'s theories are obviously not beyond criticism, but they have had an incalculable impact on the twentieth-century vision of sexuality, not least by insisting the children are not asexual and have a sexual life of their own.<ref>1905a. 1908a.</ref>* [[Unconscious]]{{Also}}
<div style=====More===== The best account of the gradual development of the technique of [[psychoanalysis]] is that provided by [[Freud]] himself in his correspondence iwth [[Wilhelm Fliess]], the ear, nost and throat specialist with whom he collaborated in the 1980s, in the studies n [[hysteria]] coauthored with Breuer, and in the five published case studies. The technique that evolved is the method of [[free association]], with the patient or anlaysand lying on a couch and with the analyst sitting slightly to the rear and out of eyeshot. The [[patient]] is required to tell everything and omit nothing; the [[analyst]] to listen to everything and to privilege nothing. [[Free association]] around [[dreams]] or [[memories]] allows [[unconscious]] [[chain]]s of [[fantasies]] and [[wish]]es to be reconstructed and then interpreted so as to uncover underlying structures, which, typically, relate to the [[Oedipus complex]] and [[repressed]] childhood [[memories]], usually with a sexual content. Although [[dream]]s are described by [[Freud]] as "the royal road to the unconscious," (1900) it should be noted that the [[psychoanalyst]]'s raw material is not the [[unconscious]] itself (which is by definition inaccesible), but material that has already been shaped by the [[dreamfont-work]]. The central factor in the [[analytic treatment]] is the [[transference]] that allows [[unconscious]] or [[repressed]] material to be reactualized in verbal form rather than reproduced in [[symptom]]s, and [[projection|projected]] onto the [[analyst]]. In a classic [[Freud]]ian [[psychoanalysis]], the [[analysand]] has daily sessions of [[analysis]], each lasting fifty minutes (the so-called 'analytic hour'); the payment of fees is held to have great symbolic importance. [[Freud]] never claimed that his method was a universal panacea, but once remarked with typically pessimistic wit that it could transform size:11px"hysterical miseryclass=" into references-small"common unhappiness."<ref>1893-5.<references/ref> =====More===== Although [[psychoanalysis]] is widely practiced and has had an important influence on related therapeutic methods, it has never been defined in either medical or legal terms. The profession is self-regulated and its standards of practice are defined by the various national associaitons recognized by the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]]. The would-be [[psychoanalyst]] undertakes a personal [[analysis]] before embarking upon a rigorous [[training]] [[analysis]] designed to promote a recognition of the importance of [[transference]] and [[countertransference]]. Qualified [[analysts]] normally work under the supervision of their seniors, and usually undetake at least one "second analysis." The first generation of psychoanalysts were, like [[Freud]] himself, doctors of medicine, but suitably qualified non-medical or lay analysts were admitted to the profession from the 1920s onwards.<ref.Freud. 1926a.</refdiv> The desirability or otherwise of medical qualifications is a matter for the various national associations. The question of the scientific nature of [[psychoanalysis]] remains controversial. =====More===== [[Freud]]'s own career was punctuated by a series of breaks with oleagues to whom he had once been close, and the history of the psychoanalytic movement is one of splits and schisms as well as of international expansion. All the major tendencies within contemporary psychoanalysis claim a [[Freudian]] ancestry, but take as their stating-point different periods in his work or different aspects of his theories. Very schematically, the main post-Freudian currents within [[psychoanalysi]] are [[ego-psychology]], [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]], [[object-relations theory]] and [[Lacanian psychoanalysis]].
[[Category:Dictionary]]
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