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{| align="center" style="width:600px; border:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"
| style="width:100px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"| 1956 - 1957
| style="width:100px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"| [[Seminar IV]]
|}
[[Image:Sem43076203.RS500x500.jpg|250pxborder|300px|right]] [[Lacan]] confronts the [[theory]] of [[object]] relations defended by the <i>[[Société Psychanalytique de Paris]]</i>: [[Freud]] did not bother [[about]] the object, he cared about "the [[lack]] of the object." This lack has [[nothing]] to do with [[frustration]]. It is a matter of a [[renunciation]] that involves the law of the [[Father]]: "...between the [[mother]] and the [[child]], Freud introduced a [[third]] and [[imaginary]] term whose signifying [[role]] is a major one: the [[phallus]]." The study is based on the function of the object in [[phobia]] and in [[fetishism]] (Freud's <i>Little [[Hans]]</i>, <i>A Child is [[Being]] Beaten</i>). In his [[analysis]] of <i>[[Little Hans]]</i>, Lacan states that [[anxiety]] arises when the [[subject]] is poised between [[the imaginary]] preoedipical [[triangle]] and the Oedipical [[quaternary]]: Hans' [[real]] [[penis]] makes itself felt in [[infantile]] [[masturbation]]. Anxiety arises since he can now measure the [[difference]] between that for what he is loved (his [[position]] as [[imaginary phallus]]) and what he really has to give (his insignificant real [[organ]]). [[The Subject|The subject]] would have been rescued from anxiety by the [[castrating]] [[intervention]] of the real father, but the father fails to [[separate]] the child from the mother and thus Hans develops a phobia as a [[substitute]] for this intervention. It is not Hans' [[separation]] from the mother which produces anxiety, but failure to separate from her. [[Castration]], far from being the main source of anxiety, is what actually saves [[The Subject|the subject]] from it. We find imaginary solutions to the gap (<i>béance</i>) produced by the [[appearance]] of the phallus "as that which is [[lacking]] in the mother, in the mother and the child, and between the mother and the child," because the father alone is the bearer or possessor of the phallus. Lacan establishes [[three]] modes of rapport to this object: frustration (the imaginary damage done to a real object, the penis as organ), [[deprivation]] ( the real lack or [[hole]] created by the [[loss]] of a [[symbolic]] object, the phallus as [[signifier]]), castration ([[the symbolic]] debt in the [[register]] of the law and the loss of the phallus as imaginary object). The mother falls from "[[the Symbolic]] to [[the Real]]" while the [[objects]], through the mediation of the phallus, fall from "the Real to the Symbolic." The fall of the mother leads to the [[structuring]] preference for the father. Lacan muses about the way in which "the [[feminine]] object conceives the [[object relation]]." Lacan talks of [[motherhood]], [[love]], a [[case]] of feminine [[homosexuality]] (Freud's 1920) in which he sees a type of relation to lack and to the father.
As to the phallus and [[sexual]] difference, Lacan argues that in [[order]] to assume castration every child must [[renounce]] the possibility of being the phallus of the mother; this "rapport to the phallus is established without [[regard]] to the [[anatomical]] difference of the [[sexes]]." The renunciation of [[identification]] with the imaginary phallus paves the way for a rapport with the symbolic phallus which is different for the sexes: the [[male]] has the symbolic phallus, i.e. "he is not without having it" - [[woman]] does not. Yet the male can only lay [[claim]] to the symbolic phallus if he assumes castration, i.e. to give up being the imaginary phallus. Further, the woman's lack of symbolic phallus is in itself a kind of possession.
The [[doctrine]] becomes systematized in <i>Les [[formations]] de l'[[inconscient]]</i>. In the 1960s the phallus is described as "the signifier of the desire of the [[Other]]" and the signifier of <i>[[jouissance]]</i>. Also the [[notion]] of <i>[[objet a]]</i>, the [[cause]] of [[desire,]] will be added to that of the phallus.
==English==
{| class="wikitable"
|'''[[Author]](s)'''|'''Title'''|'''Publisher'''|'''Year'''|'''Pages'''|'''[[Language]]'''|'''Size'''|'''Extension'''| colspan="5" |'''Mirrors'''
|-
|[[Jacques Lacan]]
|2 Mb
|pdf
|[http://library1.org/_ads/E6C6A1126E00DEA1C7D998DB231C18BE <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]|,[http://libgen.io/get.php?md5=E6C6A1126E00DEA1C7D998DB231C18BE <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]|, [http://b-ok.cc/md5/E6C6A1126E00DEA1C7D998DB231C18BE <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]|, [http://libgen.me/item/detail/id/460792 <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>]|, [http://bookfi.net/md5/E6C6A1126E00DEA1C7D998DB231C18BE <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]
|}
==French=={| class="wikitablefloatright" width="100%600" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" align="[[left]]" bgcolor="#ffffff" style="line-height:2.0em; padding-left:30px; background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="200px150px" style="padding-left:10px" | [[{{Y}}|Date]]| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="200px150px" style="padding-left:10px" | [[{{Y}}|PDF]]|bgcolor="#ffffff" width="300px" style="padding-left:10px" | Title
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | Theorie du [[manque]] d'objet
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|21 novembre 1956]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1956.11.21.pdf #!LCRxUYpD!KOQ6R1iBgF_n6CxUZxlYogkaRv1FDIfmxyiqtk4VXGY link]
| Introduction
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|28 novembre 1956]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1956.11.28.pdf #!ibZDBQDA!68ve20TqXGtCc4hWx5xlGbZk34ula1O56ofzEny3CTc link]
| Les trois formes du manque d'objet
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|5 décembre 1956]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireIV/1956.12.05.pdf #!rCAnGCDT!dZiEAFtlVOFA7meWNZWYxcs12DETNhp1-HZkjlO_zLY link]
| Le [[signifiant]] et le Saint-Esprit
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|12 décembre 1956]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireIV/1956.12.12.pdf #!ybATCY7Y!bzg6S7tG8Js4yIEIMaDIcMo21OKqIYr_-VS1mJdip9k link]
| La [[dialectique]] de la frustration
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|19 décembre 1956]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1956.12.19.pdf #!KaJTxYLI!1KoVgUGSn8SK6Gqjp8K9YuwBIwdRd8TVzVqx8E39Vbk link]
| De l'[[analyse]] comme Bundling, et ses conséquences
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | Les voies perverses du desir
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|9 janvier 1957]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireIV/1957.01.09.pdf #!7WIHhAKJ!zxcIQBgMTHi3X9mfQN4F2bTEbw_3Ik9bMRJpiM3g8H4 link]
| Le primat du phallus et la jeune homosexuelle
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|16 janvier 1957]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.01.16.pdf #!CbAHzSJC!FZfArmSweGOJ2jn_Mqca0uEvHto2esbG9v0l9Q3Vzso link]
| On bat un [[enfant]] et la jeune homosexuelle
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|23 janvier 1957]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.01.23.pdf #!HPYTkC7K!8DV1URWb7amerln7qfJBS1hU3OKBBc4OX2wU6IZQzn0 link]
| [[Dora]] et la jeune homosexuelle
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | L'objet fetiche
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|30 janvier 1957]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.01.30.pdf #!vbAVVCZI!aFxuZ5VQASTYu1G_j4ydO7U9zP1w2R35oG9odu7l5lE link]
| La [[fonction]] du voile
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|6 février 1957]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireIV/1957.02.06.pdf #!OXYTTCJT!VbJHBqxeZTtA7po9Udx5lux-o23_jFx1LRI1i8hnWTM link]
| [[L'identification]] au phallus
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|27 février 1957]] | [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.02.27.pdf #!nOJFlYjC!Dy9eMS6_tnO1Hi_s4n4_y6JUWLr5es6WMMXPs0VVo_U link]
| Le phallus et la mère inassouvie
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | La [[structure]] des mythes dans l'observation de la [[phobie]] du petit Hans
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|6 mars 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireIV/1957.03.06.pdf #!uTQDGAYQ!0MNSxj9NqmNIaf0qXNT2dGS1l9YTxVQaQnExgA8Bl7M link]
| Le [[complexe]] d'oedipe
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|13 mars 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.03.13.pdf #!LHYDRSiI!RTi8UnMr_0wNV3IR4azF5W-H_PdP1liDIGys8D2lTpo link]
| Du [[complexe de castration]]
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|20 mars 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.03.20.pdf #!bPQTgI7L!yIGksYw-yyuNdBpVvvmK24ye5s2F-Zy7m3vrkRwbOeo link]
| Le signifiant dans le [[Réel]]
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|27 mars 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.03.27.pdf #!HbYDWaYS!bb1Ew-YdGXsI1iKTNrz0fd9kXyXQOBsP0iyQVbf7Glc link]
| A quoi sert le mythe
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|3 avril 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireIV/1957.04.03.pdf #!mHRRlYpT!iy56p9dqqP_2mHfSsq-FtqaRjcJOnePHWq47vvab8a8 link]
| Comment s'analyse le mythe
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|10 avril 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.04.10.pdf #!GDJFjYiJ!_HoFVKdcKOg5ryzBGEDNq66aUvkXx3R5PjjuKap0LYg link]
| Le signifiant et le mot d'esprit
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|8 mai 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireIV/1957.05.08.pdf #!jLYx0A6T!Xs9hiF--bLs-8xFnNM2w8kjoSoJoJsUPwew5Nv-QU2k link]
| Circuits
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|15 mai 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.05.15.pdf #!PHYRzIiI!mmwfLfcIitW3JbSao-TRazYdN6JawMnaODiN7ZzGTJc link]
| Permutations
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|22 mai 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.05.22.pdf #!TfB3gADb!ZAGc9uFfx0yKD7_s1rn1adqIU9mHp_8lRLOrcq6RDSU link]
| Transformations
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|5 juin 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireIV/1957.06.05.pdf #!6aQlRKAQ!lRr6p2q488fw2RRWSAwR8ZJNQ6dlQarII-ly6rZywZg link]
| Les culottes de la mère et la carence du [[père]]
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|19 juin 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.06.19.pdf #!HLY3Taqb!ahLoVFNAArSpvQsotkJO4XVRF8RcVXxws3M5AA5_CgU link]
| Essai d'une logique de caoutchoue
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|26 juin 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}/seminaireIVmega.nz/1957.06.26.pdf #!KLZxgApS!v1r5nR084RQKoCWTuBOtMu0Y-fCpOygx1gURTPbZtLM link]
| "Me donnera sans [[femme]] une progéniture"
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | Envoi
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|3 juillet 1957]]| [httphttps://{{archive}}mega.nz/seminaireIV/1957.07.03.pdf #!DaQTxaJa!5k9oQC-KyHnDSXtnoTM538q0HdDPWOQqeThVaRqQYPY link]
| De Hans-le-fétiche à Léonard-en-miroir
|}
French versions of [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan's]] [[Seminars]] Source: http://ecole-lacanienne.net
* [[:File:Seminaire_04.pdf|Download]]
<BR><pdf width="450px" height="600px">File:Seminaire_04.pdf</pdf>
<!-- 1956-1957
[[French]]: (texte établi par Jacques-[[Alain]] [[Miller]]), [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1994.<br>
[[English]]: unpublished. -->
[[Category:Seminars]] [[Category:Jacques Lacan]]__NOTOC____NOAUTOLINKS__