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| [[{{Y}}|1964 - 1965| [[Seminar XII]]| ''<small>[[Seminar XII|Problèmes cruciaux pour la psychanalyse]]</small>''<BR>[[Seminar XII|Crucial Problems for Psychoanalysis]]

{<!-- <b>Le séminaire, Livre XII: Problèmes cruciaux pour la [[psychanalyse]].</b><br>[[French]]: unpublished.<br>[[English]]: unpublished. --> For [[Lacan]], the fundamental problem is that of the [[subject]]'s relation to [[language]]. However, taking into account the [[Real]] - from the trilogy of the [[Symbolic]], the [[Imaginary]] and the [[Real]] - modifies the [[situation]]. Previously, the crucial issues were the rapports between [[identification]], [[transference]] and [[demand]]; now the queston "will entail the holding out of a [[form]], of an essential [[topology]] for [[analytic]] praxis." The [[signifier]] returns as [[structured]] on the Moebius [[strip]] with [[three]] forms of the [[hole]], the [[torus]] or ring, the [[cross-cap]], and [[Euler]]'s circles as the maze of the torus or of the spiral of the demand on the surface of the [[Klein]] bottle. These [[figure]] though constructed in a simple and [[combinatory]] way, are nevertheless complicated to comment.<br> [[Image:Crucial-problems-for-psychoanalysis-lacan-in-ireland.jpg|border|350px|right]] The [[torus]] ia a ring, a three dimensional [[object]] formed by taking a cylinder and joining the two ends together. The topology of the [[torus]] illustrates some analogies against the [[structure]] of [[The Subject|the subject]]: its centre of gravity falls [[outside]] its volume, just as the centre of the [[subject]] is outside, [[being]] decentered (ex-centric). The "peripheral and central exteriority of the torus constitutes one single region." [[Psychoanalysis]] posits the [[distinction]] between container and contained much as the [[unconscious]] is not a purely interior [[psychic]] [[system]] but an [[intersubjective]] structure, "the unconscious is outside" - <i>[[extimité]]</i>. A common [[concept]] of structure implies the opposition between directly observable contingencies and deep phenomena, which are not the object of immediate [[experience]]. Lacan disagrees with such an opposition as implicit in the structure. He rejects the [[notion]] of observable contingencies, since observation is always already [[theoretical]]; and he also rejects the [[idea]] that [[structures]] are somehow distant from experience, since thay are [[present]] in the field of experience itself: the unconscious is on the surface and [[looking]] for it in the dephts is to miss it. As the two sides of the [[Moebius Strip|Moebius strip]] are continuous, so structure is continuous with phenomena.<br> Thus, the [[Moebius strip]] subverts our normal (Euclidean) way of representing [[space]], for it seems to have two sides but in fact has only one. The two sides are distinguished by the [[dimension]] of [[time]], the time it takes to [[traverse]] the [[whole]] strip. The figure illustrates how psychoanalysis problematizes binary oppositions ([[love]]/hate, [[inside]]/out, signifier/signified, [[truth]]/appearance): the opposed [[terms]] rather than be radically distinct, are viewed as continuous with each [[other]]. For [[instance]], the [[Moebius Strip|Moebius strip]] helps to [[understand]] the [[traversing]] of fantasy (<i>la traversée du [[fantasme]]</i>): only because the two sides are continuous it is possible to cross over from inside to outside. Yet, when passing a finger round the surface of the strip, it is [[impossible]] to determine the precise point where one has crossed over from inside to outside. With Slavoj [[Zizek]], the traversing of the <i>fantasme</i> implies to accomplish an act that disturbes [[The Subject| class=the subject]]'s [[fundamental fantasy]], unhinging the level that is even more fundamental than basic symbolic identifications. For Lacan, "wikitablefantasy is not simply a [[work]] of [[imagination]] as opposed to hard [[reality]], [[meaning]] a product of the [[mind]] that obfuscates the approach to reality, the ability to perceive things as they really are." width=Against the basic opposition between reality and imagination, fantasy is not merely on the side of the latter, it is rather that little piece of imagination by which [[The Subject|the subject]] gains access to reality - the [[frame]] that guarantees the [[sense]] of reality. Thus when the fundamental fantasy is shattered, [[The Subject|the subject]] sustains a [[loss]] of reality. Then, traversing the <i>fantasme</i> has [[nothing]] to do with a sobering act of dispelling the [[fantasies]] that obscure the clear [[perception]] of [[The Real|the real]] [[state]] of things or with a reflective act of achieving a critical distance from daily ruminations (superstitions). Fantasy intervenes as support when a line is drawn between what is simply our imagination and "250pxwhat really [[exists]] out there." cellpadding=On the contrary, "4traversing the <i>fantasme</i> involves [[The Subject|the subject]]'s over-identification with the field of imagination: in it, and through it, [[The Subject|the subject]] breaks the constrains of fantasy and enters the terrifying, violent territory of pre-synthetic imagination, where <i>disjecta membra</i> float around, not yet [[unified]] and domesticated by the [[intervention]] of a homogenizing [[fantasmatic]] frame." cellspacing<br> As for Lacan's assertion of [[The Subject|the subject]]'s constitutive <i>decentrement</i>, [[subjective]] experience is not regulated by [[objective]] unconscious mechanisms [[decentred]] with [[regard]] to [[The Subject|the subject]]'s [[self]]-experience and as such beyond [[control]], but by something more unsettling. For a standard view the dimension that is constitutive of [[subjectivity]] is that of phenomenal self-experience. In Lacan's perspective the [[analyst]] is the one who can deprive [[The Subject|the subject]] of the very fundamental fantasy that regulates the [[universe]] of self-experience. The [[subject of the unconscious]] emerges only when [[The Subject|the subject]]'s fundamental fantasy becomes inaccessible, is primordially [[repressed]], argues Zizek. Thus, the unconscious is the inaccesible phenomenon, not the objective [[mechanism]] that regulates phenomenal experience. When the subject displays [[signs]] of a fantasmatic self-experience that cannot be reduced to [[external]] [[behaviour]], what characterizes [[human]] subjectivity proper is the gap, <i>la béance</i>, that separates the two: fantasy becomes unattainable; it is this inaccessibility that makes the subject empty, <font face="4LACAN" alignsize="center3" bgcolor>S</font>. The rapport totally subverts the standard notion of a directly self-experiencing subject. Instead, there is an impossible rapport between the empty, non-phenomenal subject and the phenomena that remain inaccessible. This actual rapport is registered by Lacan's articulation of [[fantasy]], <font face="#ffffffLACAN" stylesize="line3">S</font> &lt;&gt; <i>a</i>, developed in [[Seminar]] XIV, <i>[[La logique du fantasme]]</i>.<br>Lacan's interest in topology arises since he sees it as providing a non-heightintuitive, purely [[intellectual]] means of expressing the concept of structure. His [[topological]] models "forbid imaginary [[capture]]": unlike intuitive [[images]] in which perception eclipses structure, here "there is no hidden of [[the symbolic]]." Hence, topology replaces language as the main paradigm of structure:2it is not a mere [[metaphor]] for structure, it's structure itself.0em; padding-left ==English translation==An [[English]] [[translation]] of [[Seminar XXI]], made from unpublished [[French]] transcripts, was made by a [[reading]] group associated with Cormac Gallagher and [http:30px; background//www.lacaninireland.com ''Jacques Lacan in Ireland''] and arranged in a presentable [[form]] by Tony Hughes.* [http:#ffffff; text//www.lacaninireland.com/web/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/12-Crucial-problems-for-alignpsychoanalysis.pdf Download], [https:center;"|//mega.nz/#!2ew3xIIL!qSR9fLpbYOsr5c5kZhHJgFth2jzttq9kYt_InPDuZs0 Mirror #1] {{Center| class<pdf width="wikitable450px" widthheight="250px600px" cellpadding>File:12-Crucial-problems-for-psychoanalysis.pdf</pdf>}} ==English Audio =={{#widget:Iframe|url=https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/playlists/38134004&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true|width=100%|height=450|border=0}} ==French=="4" cellspacing{| class="4wikitable floatright" aligncellpadding="center2" bgcolorcellspacing="#ffffff5" style="line-heightfloat:2.0emright; paddingmargin-left:30px10px; backgroundtext-align:#ffffffjustify; textvertical-align:centertop;background-color:#ffffff"|-

| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="200px50px" style="padding-left:10px" |PDF|-| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 02 décembre 1964| [https://mega.nz/#!OO5DQa5Q!L0c-5A-t3iCMrvP-WbiB8UxKHljTMwXHDcBAAC5EJHY link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | 09 décembre 1964| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecolenz/#!zegTzSba!T2iwFMDpBtgkb-VUdkUXQ8XUU2YVJJ3-piG1-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXII/1964.12.02.pdf hH_iEc link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |16 décembre 1964| [httphttps://www.ecole-lacaniennemega.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1964.12.09.pdf #!Kboh1K7Y!yNQGv3LdUJgM5sU_NYYKIDrVcfh5btQjPucZCB8IlWE link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |06 janvier 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecole-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1964.12.16.pdf #!Tf5XUIzS!1B6TV_Qm0eUwUDySmmrw11bi7NPbxRPaxQNuzbZLA3E link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |13 janvier 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecolenz/#!3D53lC4K!Azz3a-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXII/1965.01.06.pdf _BFhdl17og6axyKPjJa2xnitHLtvOyItcjgkQ link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |20 janvier 1965| [httphttps://www.ecole-lacaniennemega.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.01.13.pdf #!2XoXSKaD!7pAldEL3pVdTJwVv4x9KhE4wxvjlQVghV795Xv01TZQ link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |27 janvier 1965| [httphttps://www.ecole-lacaniennemega.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.01.20.pdf #!iT4jzCgB!FtL7PmAdTRXYCOWyIc606nZI2MkyBHi3zieFGo8b3Ng link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |03 février 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecolenz/#!CbhFCQ5Q!-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXII/1965.01.27.pdf RBKUkuKnQjJJUbnpAG8w4E9jpFqg56_xyxToitzbN4 link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |24 février 1965| [httphttps://www.ecole-lacaniennemega.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.02.03.pdf #!2bx1RI7D!rPxbsxbsGO8P4rkQw6xroHkPzLWJV9uWZnbeyLn3WZI link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |03 mars 1965| [httphttps://www.ecole-lacaniennemega.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.02.24.pdf #!qfh3SYTI!jbfEbsyVGgslxECWVlAgJnxzKgr4RJPTwZVOqf4wbeg link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |10 mars 1965| [httphttps://www.ecole-lacaniennemega.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.03.03.pdf #!6OoBVQoa!G9syPgXhmNUlWQzGg8gbTnH05xRrTIsJYpKOUhTcBNI link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |17 mars 1965| [httphttps://www.ecole-lacaniennemega.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.03.10.pdf #!uOghDKiC!Xj4qkvdyEZ0bMw0bfIoX_U3Y0LwvrPzCwDEWAmPZZzE link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |24 mars 1965| [httphttps://www.ecole-lacaniennemega.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.03.17.pdf #!bKp1mK7K!REY6fBnhmsSmLZOM7YnvCONJjMYZ2zvJ_0XAySx_VHk link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |31 mars 1965| [httphttps://www.ecole-lacaniennemega.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.03.24.pdf #!2OwRgQIT!svxNWuc8q6Zuo6clsPHTZcZKYT59uxMdGUwxi191l_U link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |07 avril 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecolenz/#!zH5zTa5I!U6KDBhlG6mi_JeCU9NO0SZf-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXII/1965.03.31.pdf 8zx7q4mMkiL54KunMoI link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |28 avril 1965| [httphttps://www.ecole-lacaniennemega.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.04.07.pdf #!eHwnWAqQ!ELTiBcDa7L6IcMnLvCUhW293Tb5f0x3cX0uSMoJ9Jd8 link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |05 mai 1965| [http://www.ecole-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXII/1965.04.28.pdf link[Missing]]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |12 mai 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecole-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.05.12.pdf #!PP4hySwA!DdLaJjlDKcavW8O6Fwhq_pKEPPikTCdOLVBA_lOQQ1c link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |19 mai 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecolenz/#!GT4H1KCZ!-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXII/1965.05.19.pdf or4ZkwiwbCfs82QRJQyvS_oWvgnTQ1dHiNpHTKYPx0 link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |26 mai 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecole-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.05.26.pdf #!CPp3SYII!pfq2LkS66jmeFOfNbnDWv_Au3gI2HVxlt0OI7Evl6LU link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |02 juin 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecole-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.06.02.pdf #!OC41HYBB!pw9vOwjwUAMqFgGCW_TrjgL5jRwe3sjRg1edaluE6EI link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |09 juin 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecolenz/#!WTwXhSAR!gtCxW3UqVUpz-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXII/1965.06.09.pdf jHMz9ruFvvmirG4-K_ltELrczQ3Jv8 link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |16 juin 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecolenz/#!jfhVWIZK!jocWjxHhoJjUgweXcX51cWj0AfX-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXII/1965.06.16.pdf MECUIWGTgsSKVmw link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" |23 juin 1965| [httphttps://wwwmega.ecole-lacanienne.net/stenos/seminaireXIInz/1965.06.23.pdf #!Ta5nGarD!_04Wjj_t5yCJYURpTUojqD3ZVLbgU7P0aySLQBfDhFo link]