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[[File:Phantom Bouquet.jpg|thumb|Phantom Bouquet experiment (from Hopkins, 1890)]][[Lacan]] borrowed his [[optical]] [[schema]] from [[physics]]<ref>Berkeley Physics Demos, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200119145017/http://berkeleyphysicsdemos.net/node/723 Phantom Bouquet: Real image from a concave mirror]</ref><ref>Hopkins, George M, ''Experimental [[Science]]: Elementary, [[Practical]] and Experimental Physics'', Munn & Co (1890), p. 211</ref>. He used it to illustrate the [[role]] of the [[real]] [[Other]] in constructing both the [[body]] and the [[specular]] [[image]] as the [[model]] for the ego.Lacan introduced this schema in his [[seminar]] of 1953-1954, on <i>[[Freud]]'s Papers on [[Technique]]</i>. He took his cue from Freud's reference to an optical schema in

  <i>The [[Interpretation]] of [[Dreams]]</i> (Freud, 1900a, p. 536; Lacan, 1953-54, 74-76). Lacan first used the schema to illustrate the reciprocal play of the real, the [[imaginary]], and the [[symbolic]] in Melanie [[Klein]]'s [[case]] of "Little Dick."Because of the optical properties of concave mirrors, a bouquet of flowers that is hidden from the [[visual]] field of the viewer emerges above the vase. And if the eye of the viewer is properly placed, an image of flowers in the vase is produced as a [[whole]] or a [[unity]] ([[Figure]] 1).The [[illusory]] [[presence]] of the flowers in the vase represented a [[baby]]'s relation to his body, but this is something the baby cannot see. To create a "[[substitute]] for the [[mirror]]-[[stage]]" (1953-54, p. 74), Lacan introduced a plane mirror (Figure 2).In the [[virtual]] [[space]] beyond the mirror, a [[specular image]] is created, <i>i</i>′ <i>(a)</i>, and this is where the baby as     [[subject]] recognizes the image as its ego. This represents the [[dimension]] of radical [[alienation]] in ego [[formation]] as it occurs in relation to the image of a fellow being—a [[process]] that is specific to secondary [[narcissism]] and the [[ideal]] ego.Lacan returned to the optical schema in his seminar on <i>[[Seminar VIII|Transference]]</i> <ref>Lacan, Jacques. (2015). ''The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book VIII, [[Transference]] (1960-611961)''. ([[Bruce Fink]], Trans.). Polity Press. p. 345</ref>, but then the plane mirror shows the effect that the parental Other's look has on the baby's organism. This look allows the baby to [[sense]] its own body, modeled on its specular image. Lacan even gave the Other a role in the formation of primary narcissism. This schema allows for an approach to the [[treatment]] of early psychopathologies prior to the [[mirror stage]] (<ref>Laznik, Marie-Christine. [[:File:Laznik-PenotPour une théorie lacanienne des pulsions.pdf|Pour une théorie lacanienne des pulsions]]. Le [[Discours]] psychanalytique, 1993)</ref>.[[File:Complete and simplified optical schemas.png|thumb|Schemas from Seminar X: Anxiety]]In his seminar on <i>[[Seminar X|Anxiety]]</i> <ref>Lacan, Jacques. (2014). ''The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book X, [[Anxiety]] (1962-631963)''. (A.R. Price, Trans.). Polity Press. p. 38</ref>, Lacan redesigned the schema in response to a question asked by [[André Green ]] regarding the relations between [[the real]], [[the imaginary]], and [[the symbolic]] (Figure 3).

Lacan used the plane mirror in two different ways. Sometimes it referred to the mirror of [[the mirror stage]], still very much centered on the [[structuring]] [[character]] of the image itself. And sometimes itreferred to a mirror without a reflection, that is, a [[representation]] of the Other's [[gaze]]. Indeed, our [[understanding]] of this schema has been modified [[retroactively]] by the introduction of the [[concept]] of the [[big Other]]; nevertheless, it is still most often [[understood]] in its strictly intrapsychic dimension.

  referred to a mirror without a reflection, that is, a [[representation]] Professor of the Other's [[gazePsychoanalysis]]. Indeed, our at Ghent [[understandingUniversity]] of this schema Stijn Vanheule has been modified [[retroactively]] by the introduction of put together a YouTube video demonstrating how the optical [[conceptillusion]] of the inverted vase Lacan discusses in [[big OtherSeminar I]]; neverthelessworks.<ref>Vanheule, it is still most often Stijn. (2015). [[understoodhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmsFv24LaDg Jacques Lacan's double mirror device]] in its strictly intrapsychic dimension.YouTube.</ref>

==ReferencesReference==<references/># [[Freud, Sigmund]]. (1900a). The [[interpretation of dreams]]. SE, 4-5: 1-751.# [[Lacan, Jacques]]. (1988). [[The Seminar]] of [[Jacques Lacan]], Book I, [[Freud's Papers on Technique]] (1953-1954). (John Forrester, Trans.). New York: Norton.# ——. Le Séminaire-Livre IX, L'[[identification]] (1961-62). (unpublished seminar).# ——. (2004). Le Séminaire-Livre X, L'[[angoisse]] [Anxiety] (1962-1963). [[Paris]]: Seuil.