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The term =====Sigmund Freud=====In [[Freud]]'s [[work]], [[sublimation]]' is a [[process]] in which the [[libido]] is channelled into apparently non-[[sexual]] activities such as artistic creation and [[intellectual]] work. [[Sublimation]] thus functions as a socially acceptable escape valve for [[excess]] sexual [[energy]] which would otherwise have to be [[discharged]] in socially unacceptable forms (Fr[[perverse]] [[behavior]]) or in [[neurotic]] [[symptom]]s. ''The [[logical]] conclusion of such a view is that [[complete]] [[sublimation'') is one ]] would mean the end of the most familiar terms all [[perversion]] and all [[neurosis]]. However, many points remain unclear in the vocabulary [[Freud]]'s account of [[psychoanalysissublimation]].

==Sublimation and Freud===Jacques Lacan=====[[Sigmund Lacan]]s takes up the [[concept]] of [[sublimation]] in his [[seminar]] of 1959-60. He follows [[Freud]] never developed a coherent theory (or account) in emphasizing the fact that the element of [[social]] [[recognition]] is central to the concept, since it is only insofar as the [[drive]]s are diverted towards this [[dimension]] of shared social values that they can be said to be sublimated.<ref>{{S7}} p. 144</ref> It is this dimension of shared social values which allows [[Lacan]] to tie in the concept of [[sublimation]]with his [[discussion]] of [[ethics]].<ref>{{S7}} p.144</ref>

=====Differences - Freud and Lacan=====However, [[Sublimation]] is a term widely used in [[psychoanalytic theoryLacan]] to describe the 's account of [[processsublimation]] in which the also differs from [[libido]] [[sexuality|sexual]] [[drive]] (psychic or erotic energy) is channelled, converted, transformed into an apparently non-sexual activity, such as [[art|artistic creationFreud]] and intellectual work, or redirected, diverted toward an apparently non-sexual aim or 's on a socially valued [[object]], such as [[art|artistic creationnumber]] and intellectual work, into creative and intellectual activity, into "socially useful" achievementsof points.<ref>Freud 1933</ref>

=====Perversion=====[[Freud]]'s account implies that [Sublimation[perversion|perverse sexuality]] is as a type [[form]] of direct [[coping|coping mechanismsatisfaction]] or of the [[defense mechanismdrive]]is possible, which functions as a socially acceptable escape valve for excess sexual or erotic energy which would otherwise have to be discharged in socially unacceptable forms (perverse behaviour) or in neurotic symptoms. Erotic energy and that [[sublimation]] is only allowed limited expression due to necessary because this direct form in prohibited by [[Psychological repression|repressionsociety]].

The logical conclusion [[Lacan]] however rejects the concept of such a view zero degree of satisfaction, arguing that [[perversion]] is that complete sublimation would mean not simply a brute [[natural]] means of discharging the end of all perversion and all neurosis. [[Civilizationlibido]], but a highly [[structure]] has been able d relation to place "social aims higher the [[drive]]s which are already, in themselves, [[linguistic]] rather than the sexual ones."<ref>Introductory Lectures 16[[biological]] forces.345</ref>

===Sublimation and Art===This usage appears to Whereas [[Freud]] believed that complete [[sublimation]] might be influenced by the aesthetics of the sublime.In his study of Leonardo da Vincipossible for some particularly refined or cultured [[people]], Freud uses '[[Lacan]] argues that "complete sublimation' in this sense to describe is not possible for the transformation of theyoung Leonardo's sexual curiosity into a spirit of intellectual inquiry[[individual]]."<ref>1910a{{S7}} p.91</ref>Whilst this produced great works of art, the sublimation of [[libido]] into a general urge to know meant that a small quota of Leonardo's sexual ennergy was directe dtowards sexual aims, and resulted in a stunted adult sexuality.Elsewhere Frud suggests tht a mature woman's capacity to pursue an intellectual profession may be a sublimated expression of her childhood desire to acquire a penis.

==Sublimation and Lacan===Object=====LacanIn [[Freud]]'s account , [[sublimation]] involves the redirection of sublimation differs from Freudthe [[drive]] to a different (non-sexual) object. In [[Lacan]]'s on a number account, however, what changes is not the object but its [[position]] in the [[structure]] of points[[fantasy]].

# Freud argues that In [[other]] [[words]], [[sublimation]] is only necessary because this direct does not involve directing the [[drive]] to a different [[object]], but rather changing the [[satisfactionnature]] of the [[object]] to which the [[drive]] (although theoretically was already directed, a "[[change]] of object in itself," something which is made possible) is because the [[prohibition|prohibiteddrive]] is "already deeply marked by the articulation of the [[societysignifier]]."<ref>{{S7}} p. 293</ref>

# Freud's account implies that The [[perversion|perversesublime]] [[sexuality]] as a form quality of direct an [[satisfactionobject]] is thus not due to any intrinsic property of the [[driveobject]] is possibleitself, and that [[sublimation]] is only necessary because this direct form is [[prohibition|prohibited]] by [[society]]. Lacan conceives but simply an effect of the [[perversionobject]] 's position in a highly structured relation to the [[drivesymbolic]]s which are already, in themselves, [[linguisticstructure]] rather than of [[biology|biological forcesfantasy]].<ref>see Zizek, 1991: 83-4)</ref>

# Whereas Freud believed that complete [[sublimation]] might be possible for some particularly refined or [[culture]]d people, Lacan argues that "complete sublimation is not possible for the individual."<ref>S7, 91</ref>This is not to say that the "free mobility of the libido" (Introductory Lectures 16.346) is ever fully contained: "sublimation is never able to deal with more than a certain fraction of libido."<ref>Introductory Lectures 16.346</ref>=====Death Drive===== # In Freud's account, [[sublimation]] involves the redirection of the [[drive]] to a different (non-sexual) While [[object]]. In Lacan's account, [[sublimation]] does not involve directing the drive to a different object, but rather changing the (position of the object in the structure of fantasy) nature of the object to which the drive was already directed, a "change of object in itself," something which is made possible because the drive is "already deeply marked by the articulation of the signifier."<ref>S7, 293</ref>The follows [[sublimeFreud]] quality of an [[object]] is thus not due to any intrinsic property of the object itself, but simply an effect of the object's position in the [[symbolic]] [[structure]] of [[fantasy]]. Sublimation relocates an object in the position of the [[thing]]. The Lacanian formula for sublimation is thus that "it raises an object ... to the [[dignity of the Thing]]."<ref>S7, l 12</ref> # Lacan (following Freud) associates linking [[sublimation]] with [[creativity]] and [[art]], but he complicates this by also links linking it with the [[death drive]].<ref>{{S4, 431</ref>## Firstly, the concept of the [[death drive]] is itself seen as a product of Freud's own [[sublimation]].<ref>S7, 212</ref## Secondly, the death drive is not only a "destruction drive," but also a "will to create from zero."<ref>S7, 212-13</ref> ## Thirdly, the [[sublime object]], through being elevated to the [[dignity of the Thing]], exerts a power of fascination which leads ultimately to [[death]] and destruction. ==Sublimation and Ethics==In his 1959-60 [[seminar]], ''[[The Ethics of Psychoanalysis]],'' [[Jacques Lacan]] emphasizes the element of [[social recognition]] as central to the concept, and reflects upon the dimension of shared social values (towards which the sublimated drives are diverted) in his discussion of ethics.<ref>[[Jacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]. [[The Ethics of Psychoanalysis]]. }} p. 107, 144431</ref> [[Seminar XI]] sublimation, 11, 165

* [[libidoDeath drive]]||* [[Drive]]* [[Ethics]]||* [[driveFantasy]]* [[Libido]]||* [[Structure]]* [[death driveThing]]{{Also}}

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