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Over the years, the notion of abstinence came to be invoked less and less, and it has even been proposed that analysts speak instead of a "rule of the reality principle." Above all, it has been replaced by "neutrality," a concept not explicitly mentioned by Freud (Mijolla), and even a "benevolent neutrality" (Stone, 1961) or a "compassionate neutrality" (Greenson; Weigert 1970). In the evolution of these attitudes, the mark of Sándor Ferenczi's important influence on matters of practice is obvious, since the prescriptions of abstinence pushed to the extreme were those of the "active technique" and since the frequent tendency of "benevolent neutrality" to drift towards more and more established "benevolence" of the maternal type characterized the last years of his practice.
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As an appropriate alternative Freud suggested the ‘rule of abstinence’, which consists in the analyst’s refusal to gratify the patient’s needs and demands so that all substitute satisfactions are avoided and a productive level of suffering is maintained. Freud refused to model the analytic treatment on a mental hospital’s policy to look after patients and to make them feel as comfortable as possible inside. He also emphasized that whatever educational effect psychoanalysis may entail, analysts should ensure that their patients do not come to resemble them, but are encouraged in the liberation and realization of their own being.
==See Also==
* [[passage to the act]]
* [[Frustration]]
* [[Neutrality]]
* [[Technique with adults, psychoanalyticTransference]]* [[Transference loveLove]]
==References==
