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[[Sigmund Freud]]'s [[concept]] of the [[drive]] ([[French]]: ''[[Trieb]]'', ''[[pulsion]]'') is central to his theory of [[human]] [[sexuality]].
At first these component drives function anarchically and independently (the '[[polymorphous perversity]]' of [[children]]), but in [[puberty]] they become organised and fused together under the primacy of the [[genital organs]].<ref>[[Freud, Sigmund]]. 1905d</ref>
==Drive and Instinct==
According to [[Freud]], [[human]] [[sexuality]] is not regulated by [[instinct]]s but by [[drive]]s. [[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]]'s distinction between [[drive]] (''[[Trieb]]'' and [[instinct]] (''[[Instinkt]]'').<ref>{{E}} p.301</ref>
[[Instinct]]s are relatively fixed and innate.
[[Instinct]] denotes a [[myth]]ical pre-linguistic [[need]].
[[Drive]]s are variable, and develop in ways that are [[contingent ]] on the [[life ]] [[history ]] of the [[subject]].
[[Drive]] is separate from the realm of [[biology]].
The [[drive]] does not refer to "some ultimate given, something archaic, primordial."<ref>{{S11}} p. 162</ref>
The [[drive]] is a thoroughly [[cultural ]] and [[symbolic ]] [[construct]].
==Partial==
[[Lacan]] argues that the [[drive]]s are partial. The [[drive]]s are partial (in that they represent [[sexuality]] partially) (not in the sense that they are parts of a whole). [[Drive]]s do not represent the reproductive function of sexuality (but only the dimension of enjoyment).<ref>{{S11}} p.204</ref>
The [[drive]]s are [[partial]] (in that they represent [[sexuality]] partially) (not in the sense that they are parts of a whole).
[[Drive]]s do not represent the [[reproductive]] function of [[sexuality]] (but only the dimension of [[enjoyment]]).<ref>{{S11}} p.204</ref>
[[Lacan]] rejects the idea that the [[partial drives drive]]s can ever attain any complete organisation or fusion.
[[Lacan]] identifies four partial [[drive]]s:
Each of these [[drive]]s is specified by a different [[partial object]] and a different [[erogenous zone]].
[[Lacan]] emphasizes the [[partial ]] nature of all drives[[drive]]s, but differs from [[Freud]] on two points.
==Movement of the Drive==
==Drive and Desire==
The [[drive]] is not merely another name for [[desire]]: they are the [[partial ]] aspects in which [[desire]] is realised.
[[Desire]] is one and undivided, whereas the drives [[drive]]s are [[partial ]] manifestations of [[desire]].
The circuit of the [[drive]] is the only way for the [[subject]] to [[transgress]] the [[pleasure principle]].
==Dualism==
[[Freud]] conceived the dualism of the [[drive]]s in terms of an opposition between the [[life drive]]s (''[[Lebenstriebe]]'') ((both the [[pleasure principle]] and the [[reality principle]]) and the [[death drive]]s (''[[Todestriebe]]'').
[[Lacan]] retains the the basic dualism of [[Freud]]'s theory of the [[drive]]s (against the monism of [[Jung]], who argued that all [[psychic]] forces could be reduced to one single concept of [[psychic]] [[energy]]).<ref>{{S1}} l18-20).</ref>
This [[formula]] is to be read: the [[bar]]red [[subject]] in relation to [[demand]], the [[fading]] of the [[subject]] before the insistence of a [[demand]] that persists without any [[conscious]] [[intention]] to sustain it.
==See Also==
[[Category:Terms]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
