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− | {{Top}}modèle optique{{Bottom}}
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− | ==Sigmund Freud==
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− | [[Freud]] compares the [[psyche]] with an [[optical model|optical apparatus]] such as a microscope or a camera in ''[[The Interpretation of Dreams]]''.<ref>{{F}} ''[[The Interpretation of Dreams]]'', 1900. [[SE]] IV-V: 536</ref>
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− | ==Jacques Lacan==
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− | [[Image:Lacan-opticalmodel.jpg|thumb|right|[[The optical model]]]]
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− | [[Lacan]] also uses [[optical model|optical apparatuses]] at several points in his [[Work of Sigmund Freud|work]].
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− | For example, he uses the [[camera]] to provide a "materialist definition of the phenomenon of consciousness."<ref>{{S2}} Chapter 4.</ref>
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− | [[Lacan]] argues that [[optics]] is a useful way of approaching the [[structure]] of the [[psyche]] because [[images]] play an important role in [[psychic]] [[structure]] <ref>{{S1}} p.76</ref>.
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− | However, like [[Freud]], [[Lacan]] warns that such an approach can never provide more than rather crude analogies, since [[optical]] [[image]]s are not the same as the kind of [[image]]s which are the [[object]] of [[psychoanalytic]] [[research]].
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− | For this reason, [[Lacan]] soon replaces [[optical]] [[image]]s with [[topological]] [[figures]] which are intended to prevent [[imaginary]] [[capture]].
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− | Nevertheless, as [[Freud]] said of his own [[optical model]]s, "we need the assistance of provisional ideas."<ref>{{F}} ''[[The Interpretation of Dreams]]'', 1900. [[SE]] IV-V: 536</ref>
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− | ==The Optical Model==
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− | The [[optical model]] first appears in 1954 <ref>{{S1}} p. 124</ref>, and is reproduced in the [[seminar]] on the [[transference]] (1960-1), and elsewhere.
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− | It is basically an optical experiment which is constructed by means
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− | of a plane [[mirror]] and a concave [[mirror]].
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− | The concave [[mirror]] produces a real [[image]] of an inverted flower-pot, hidden from view by a box, which is then reflected in the plane [[mirror]] to produce a [[virtual]] [[image]].
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− | This [[virtual]] [[image]] is only [[visible]] to a [[subject]] who places himself within a particular area of [[vision]].
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− | ==Examples==
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− | [[Lacan]] uses the [[optical model]] to illustrate various points.
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− | Two of the most important points are the [[structure|structuring]] role of the [[symbolic]] [[order]] and the function of the [[ego-ideal]].
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− | ===Symbolic Structure===
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− | The [[optical model]] illustrates the way that the position of the [[subject]] in the [[symbolic]] [[order]] (represented by the angle of the plane mirror) determines the way in which the [[imaginary]] is articulated with the [[real]].
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− | <blockquote>"My position in the imaginary is only conceivable insofar as one finds a guide beyond the imaginary, on the level of the symbolic plane."<ref>{{S1}} p.141</ref></blockquote>
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− | The [[optical model]] thus illustrates the primary importance of the [[symbolic]] [[order]] in [[structuring]] the [[imaginary]].
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− | The action of [[psychoanalytic]] [[treatment]] can be compared to the
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− | rotation of the plane [[mirror]], which alters the position of the [[subject]] in the [[symbolic]].
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− | ===Ego-Ideal===
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− | The [[optical model]] also illustrates the function of the [[ideal ego]], which is represented in the diagram as the [[real]] [[image]], in opposition to the [[ego-ideal]], which is the [[symbolic]] guide governing the angle of the [[mirror]] and hence the position of the [[subject]].<ref>{{S1}} p.141</ref>.
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− | ==See Also==
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− | {{See}}
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− | * [[Optics]]
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− | * [[Vision]]
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− | * [[Gaze]]
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− | * [[Image]]
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− | * [[Imaginary]]
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− | * [[Symbolic
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− | * [[Ego-ideal]]
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− | * [[Ideal-ego]]
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− | * [[Materialism]]
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− | {{Also}}
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− | ==References==
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− | <references/>
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