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{{Top}}stade du miroir{{Bottom}}
==Jacques Lacan=====History===The [[concept]] of the [[mirror stage]] (also translated in English as 'the looking-glass phase') was the subject of is [[Lacan]]'s first official important contribution to [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic theory]], [[Lacan]]'s first innovation within the field of [[psychoanalysis]], when he propounded the concept to the Fourteenth International Psychoanalytical Congress at an [[IPA]] conference at [[Marienbad ]] in [[{{Y}}|1936 (the original 1936 paper was never published, but a rewritten version appeared in 1949)]]. From this point on, the mirror stage forms The concept is a constant point of reference throughout [[Lacan]]'s entire work. While aPRa!.ently quite simple, the concept of the mirror stage takes on an ever-increasing 'complexity during the course of [[Jacques Lacan's :Bibliography|work]], and becomes increasingly [[complex]] as he takes it up and reworks it is reworked in various different contexts.
===Structure of Subjectivity===[[Lacan]]'s concept of the [[mirror stage]] represents a fundamental aspect of the [[structure]] of [[subjectivity]]. Whereas in [[{{Y}}|1936---49]], [[Lacan]] seems to see it is a [[development|stage]] which can be located at a specific [[time]] in the [[development]] of the [[child]] with a beginning (six months) and an end (eighteen months),<ref>{{E}} p. 5</ref> by the end of this period there are already [[signs]] that he is broadening the concept.
<blockquote>[the mirror [[stage]] is] a phenomenon to which I assign a twofold [[value]]. In the first [[place]], it has historical value as it marks a decisive turning-point in the [[mental]] development of the child. In the second place, it typifies an essential [[libidinal]] [[relationship]] with the [[body]]-image.<ref>{{L}} 1951b. "[[Works of Jacques Lacan|Some Reflections on the Ego]]," ''Int. J. [[Psycho]]-[[Anal]].'', vol. 34, 1953: 14</ref></blockquote>
Thus by 1956 [[Lacan]] can say:
<blockquote>[[CategoryThe mirror stage]] is far from a mere phenomenon which occurs in the development of the child. It illustrates the conflictual [[nature]] of the [[dual]] relationship.<ref>{{S4}} p. 17</ref></blockquote> ===Ego Formation===The [[mirror stage]] describes the [[formation]] of the [[ego]] via the [[process]] of [[identification]]; the [[ego]] is the result of [[identifying]] with one's own [[specular image]]. ===Prematurity of Infant===The key to this phenomenon lies in the [[helplessness|prematurity]] of the [[human]] [[infant|baby]]:Psychoanalysisat six months, the baby still [[lacks]]coordination. However, its [[visual]] [[system]] is relatively advanced, which means that it can recognize itself in the mirror before attaining [[control]] over its [[bodily]] movements. The [[baby]] sees its own [[image]] as [Category[gestalt|whole]], and the [[dialectic|synthesis]] of this [[image]] produces a [[sense]] of contrast with the uncoordination of the body, which is experienced as a [[fragmented body]]; this contrast is first felt by the [[infant]] as a [[rivalry]] with its own [[image]], because the [[gestalt|wholeness]] of the [[image]] threatens the subject with [[fragmentation]], and the [[mirror stage]] thereby gives rise to an [[aggressivity|aggressive tension]] between the [[subject]] and the [[specular image|image]]. In [[order]] to resolve this [[aggressivity|aggressive tension]], the [[subject]] [[identifies]] with the [[image]]; this [[identification|primary identification]] with the [[counterpart]] is what forms the [[ego]]. The moment of [[identification]], when the [[subject]] assumes its [[image]] as its own, is described by [[Lacan]] as a moment of jubilation,<ref>{{E}} p. 1</ref> since it leads to an [[imaginary]] sense of [[master|mastery]]: <blockquote>[the child's] joy is due to his imaginary triumph in anticipating a degree of muscular co-ordination which he has not yet actually achieved.<ref>{{L}} 1951b. "[[Works of Jacques Lacan|Some Reflections on the Ego]]," ''Int. J. Psycho-Anal.'', Vol. 34, 1953: 15; {{S1}} p. 79</ref></blockquote> However, this jubilation may also be accompanied by a depressive reaction, when the [[child]] compares his own precarious sense of [[mastery]] with the omnipotence of the [[mother]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 345; {{S4}} p. 186</ref> ===Ideal Ego===This [[identification]] also involves the [[ideal ego]] which functions as a promise of [[future]] [[gestalt|wholeness]] which sustains the [[ego]] in [[time|anticipation]]. The [[mirror stage]] shows that the [[ego]] is the product of [[méconnaissance|misunderstanding]] ([[méconnaissance]] and the site where the [[subject]] becomes [[alienation|alienated]] from himself. ===Imaginary and Symbolic===It represents the introduction of the [[subject]] into the [[imaginary order]]. However, the [[mirror stage]]also has an important [[symbolic|symbolic dimension]]. The [[symbolic order]] is [[present]] in the [[figure]] of the [[adult]] who is carrying or supporting the [[infant]]. The moment after the [[subject]] has jubilantly assumed his [[image]] as his own, he turns his head round towards this adult, who represents the [[big Other]], as if to call on him to ratify this [[image]].<ref>{{L}} ''[[Seminar X|Le Séminaire. Livre X. L'angoisse, 1962-3]]''. Unpublished. [[Seminar]] of 28 November 1962</ref> ===Narcissism===The [[mirror stage]] is also closely related to [[narcissism]], as the story of [[Narcissus]] clearly shows (in the Greek [[myth]], [[Narcissus]] falls in [[love]] with his own reflection).<ref>* "[[Le stade du miroir comme formateur de la fonction du Je]]." ''[[Écrits]]''. [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1966: 93-100 ["[[The mirror stage as formative of the function of the I]]." Trans. [[Alan Sheridan]]. ''[[Écrits: A Selection]]''. [[London]]: Tavistock, 1977; New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1977: 1-7].</ref> ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Aggressivity]]* [[Alienation]]* [[Biology]]||* [[Captation]]* [[Ego]]* [[Gestalt]]||* [[Ideal ego]]* [[Identification]]* [[Imaginary]]||* [[Master]]* [[Narcissism]]* [[Other]]||* [[Psychology]]* [[Specular image]]{{Also}} ==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div> {{OK}}
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