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=====Definition=====
The "[[Oedipus complex]]" is a concept used by [[Sigmund Freud]] to refer to the [[unconscious]] [[sexual difference|sexual]] [[desire]] of the [[child]] - especially a [[male]] [[child]] - for the parent of the opposite sex, usually accompanied by hostility and rivalry with the parent of the same sex.
<!-- The [[Oedipus complex]] was defined by [[Freud]] as an [[unconscious]] set of loving and hostile [[desire]]s which the [[subject]] experiences in relation to its parents; the [[subject]] [[desire]]s one parent, and thus enters into rivalry with the other parent. In the "positive" form of the [[Oedipus complex]], the [[desire]]d parent is the parent of the opposite sex to the [[subject]], and the parent of the same sex is the rival. / The "[[Oedipus complex]]" is a term developed by [[Sigmund Freud]] to designate the attraction on the part of the child toward the parent of the opposite sex and rivalry and hostility toward the parent of its own. -->
<!-- The existence of the Oedipus complex explains the [[child]]s sexual attaction towards the parent of the opposite sex and jealously of the parent of the same sex. -->
<!-- It initially refers to the boy's perception of his mother as a sexual object and of his father as a rival, but Freud's description of this 'universal phenomenon' becomes more complicated as he integrates the findings of his studies of the 'sexual theories of children.' -->
=====BackgroundHistory=====<!-- References to the [[Oedipus complex]] can be foudn in some of [[Freud]]'s earliest writings./ Although the term does not appear in [[Freud]]'s writings until 1910, traces of its origins can be found much earlier in his work, and by 1910 it was already showing signs of the central importance that it was to acquire in all [[psychoanalytic theory]] thereafter. -->The "[[Oedipus complex]]" is was first introduced by [[Freud]] in 1901; it comes came to acquire central importance in [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic theory]] thereafter.<!-- The "[[Oedipus complex]]" was posited by [[Sigmund Freud]] as the central organizing principle of psychosexual development. crucial stage in the normal developmental process. --><!-- Although the [[Oedipus complex]] is absolutely central to Freud's theory of human development, no one paper is devoted to it. -->
=====''Oedipus Rex''=====
The [[Oedipus complex ]] is named after the mythical [[Oedipus]], a prominent figure in Greek mythology who unwittingly killed his [[father ]] and married his [[mother]]. <!-- One of the cornerstones of the theory of [[psychoanalysis]], the idea of the [[Oedipus complex]] derives from the Greek legend that tells how [[Oedipus]] unwittingly killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta. When he finally learns what he has done, he blinds himself./ It comes from the Greek myth of Oedipus, a Greek hero who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. / The term derives from ''[[Oedipus]]'' was a prominent figure in Greek mythology who killed his father and married his mother. / [[Freud]] attributes the "gripping power" of [[Sophocles]]' play, ''[[Oedipus Rex]]'' to its depiction of what [[Freud]] considers a "universal event in early childhood."--> =====Phallic Stage=====The [[Oedipus complex]] coincides with the [[phallic stage]] of [[development|psychosexual development]], dur ing which the primary erogenous zone <!-- Followers of the body consists of the genital sex organs.when awareness of and manipulation of psychologist Sigmund Freud long believed that the genitals is supposed to be a primary source of pleasureduring which a child becomes interested in his or her own sexual organs The Oedipus conflict, or Oedipus complex, was described as a state of psychosexual development and awareness first occurring around the age of 5 and a half years (a period known as the phallic stage in Freudian theory). Freud came common to assume thatall cultures, by the time he has reached the ‘phallic’ stage of development, at around the age of four or five, the small boy is sexually interested in his mother, wishes to gain exclusive possession of her, and therefore harbours hostile impulses towards his fatheralthough many psychiatrists now refute this belief. =====Psychosexual Development=====-->
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=====Castration Complex=====
The hostility towards the father arouses the fear that the father will remove the offending sex organ of the boy, called [[castration anxiety]].The [[castration complex]] arises from the boy's assumption that, because girls are without a penis, they must have suffered castration. The reality of castration is borught home to the boy when he sees the sexual anatomy of the girl, which is lacking the protruding genitals of the male. The girl appears castrated to the boy. "If that could happen to her, it could also happen to me," is what he thinks. As a result of castration anxiety, the boy represses his incestuous desire for the mother an his hostility for the father, and the Oedipus complex disappears.--><!-- the fact that a girl does not hav emale genitals is therefore the result of her castration, -->
=====Psychopathology==Symbolic Structure=== The [[Oedipus complex]] is, for [[Lacan]], the paradigmatic triangular [[structure]], which contrasts with all [[dual relation]]s (though see the final paragraph below). The key function in the [[Oedipus complex]] is thus that of the [[father]], the third term which transforms the [[dual relation]] between [[mother]] and [[child]] into a [[triad]]ic [[structure]]. The [[Oedipus complex or conflict ]] is thus nothing less than the passage from the [[imaginary]] [[order]] to the [[symbolic order]], "the conquest of the symbolic relation as such."<ref>{{S3}} p.199</ref> The fact that the passage to the [[symbolic]] passes via a concept developed by Sigmund Freud complex sexual [[dialectic]] means that the [[subject]] cannot have access to explain the origin [[symbolic order]] without confronting the problem of certain neuroses in childhood[[sexual difference]].
===Three Times===In ''[[FreudSeminar|The Seminar, Book V]] argued that all psychopathological '', [[structureLacan]]s could be traced to a malfunction in analyzes this passage from the [[Oedipus compleximaginary]], which was thus dubbed "the nuclear complex of the neuroses". The Oedipus complex is closely connected to the castration complex. Resolution of the Oedipus complex is believed to occur by identification with the parent of the same sex and by the renunciation of sexual interest in the parent of the opposite sex. Freud considered this complex the cornerstone of the superego and the nucleus of all human relationships. =====Jacques Lacan===== [[Lacansymbolic]] first addresses the by [[Oedipus complex]] in his 1938 article on the [[family complexesidentification|familyidentifying]], where he argues that it is the last and most important of the three "family complexes.times" At this point his account of the [[Oedipus complex]] does not differ from [[Freud]]'s, his only originality the sequence being to emphasise its historical and cultural relativity, taking his cue from the anthropological studies by Malinowski and othersone of logical rather than chronological priority.<ref>{{L}} 19381957-8: 66[[seminar]] of 22 January 1958</ref>
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===Third Time===
The third 'time' of the [[Oedipus complex]] is marked by the intervention of the [[real]] [[father]].
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The father appear as the one who reinstates the phallus as the desired object of the mother, rather than as the terrifying, castrating, omnipotent father who can deprive her.
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By showing that he has the [[phallus]], and neither exchanges it nor gives it,<ref>{{S3}} p. 319</ref>, the [[real]] [[father]] [[castration|castrates]] the [[child]], in the sense of making it impossible for the [[child]] to persist in trying to be the [[phallus]] for the [[mother]]; it is no use competing with the [[real]] [[father]], because he always wins.<ref>{{S4}} pp. 208-9, 227</ref> The [[subject]] is freed from the impossible and [[anxiety]]-provoking task of having to be the [[phallus]] by realizing that the [[father]] has it. This allows the [[subject]] to [[identify]] with the [[father]].
<!--In this secondary ([[symbolic]]) [[identification]] the [[subject]] transcends the [[aggressivity]] inherent in primary ([[imaginary]]) [[identification]]. -->
[[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]] in arguing that the [[superego]] is formed out of this [[Oedipal]] [[identification]] with the [[father]].<ref>{{S4}} p. 415</ref>
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===Psychopathology===
[[Freud]] argued that all psychopathological [[structure]]s could be traced to a malfunction in the [[Oedipus complex]], which was thus dubbed "the nuclear complex of the neuroses".
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=====The Oedipus complex and clinical structures=====
In accordance with [[Freud]]'s view of the [[Oedipus complex]] as the root of all psychopathology, [[Lacan]] relates all the [[clinic]]al [[structure]]s to difficulties in this [[complex]]. Since it is impossible to resolve the [[complex]] completely, a completely non-pathological position does not [[exist]]. The closest thing is a [[neurotic]] [[structure]]; the [[neurotic]] has come through all three times of the [[Oedipus complex]], and there is no such thing as a [[neurosis without [[Oedipus]]. On the other hand, [[psychosis]], [[perversion]] and [[phobia]] result when "something is essentially incomplete in the Oedipus complex."<ref>{{S2}} p.201</ref> In [[psychosis]], there is a fundamental blockage even before the first time of the [[Oedipus complex]]. In [[perversion]], the [[complex]] is carried through to the third time, but instead of [[identifying ]] with the [[father]], the [[subject ]] [[identifies ]] with the [[mother ]] and/or the [[imaginary ]] [[phallus]], thus harking back to the [[imaginary ]] [[preoedipal ]] [[triangle]]. A [[phobia ]] arises when the [[subject ]] cannot make the transition from the second time of the [[Oedipus complex]] to the third time because the [[real]] [[father]] does not intervene; the [[phobia]] then functions as a substitute for the intervention of the [[real]] [[father]], thus permitting the [[subject]] to make the passage to the third time of the [[Oedipus complex]] (though often in an atypical way). <!-- =====Psychopathology===== Failure to negotiate this transition is held by all schools of psychoanalysis to be the primary cause of [neurosis]].
The Oedipus complex or conflict is a concept developed by Sigmund Freud to explain the origin of certain neuroses in childhood [[Freud]] argued that all psychopathological [[structure]]s could be traced to a malfunction in the [[Oedipus complex]], which was thus dubbed "the nuclear complex of the neuroses". The Oedipus complex is closely connected to the castration complex. Resolution of the Oedipus complex is believed to occur by identification with the parent of the same sex and by the renunciation of sexual interest in the parent of the opposite sex. Freud considered this complex the cornerstone of the superego and the nucleus of all human relationships.
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=====The Oedipus complex and sexuality=====
It is the particular way the [[subject]] navigates his passage through the [[Oedipus complex]] that determines both his assumption of a sexual position and his choice of a sexual object (on the question of object choice<ref>{{S4}} p.201</ref>).
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