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{| align="center" style="width:600px; border:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"
| style="width:100px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"| 1956 - 1957
| style="width:100px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"| [[Seminar IV]]
|}
[[Image:Sem43076203.RS500x500.jpg|250pxborder|300px|right]]
[[Lacan]] confronts the [[theory]] of [[object]] relations defended by the <i>[[Société Psychanalytique de Paris]]</i>: [[Freud]] did not bother [[about]] the object, he cared about "the [[lack]] of the object." This lack has [[nothing]] to do with [[frustration]]. It is a matter of a [[renunciation]] that involves the law of the [[Father]]: "...between the [[mother]] and the [[child]], Freud introduced a [[third]] and [[imaginary]] term whose signifying [[role]] is a major one: the [[phallus]]." The study is based on the function of the object in [[phobia]] and in [[fetishism]] (Freud's <i>Little [[Hans]]</i>, <i>A Child is [[Being]] Beaten</i>). In his [[analysis]] of <i>[[Little Hans]]</i>, Lacan states that [[anxiety]] arises when the [[subject]] is poised between [[the imaginary]] preoedipical [[triangle]] and the Oedipical [[quaternary]]: Hans' [[real]] [[penis]] makes itself felt in [[infantile]] [[masturbation]]. Anxiety arises since he can now measure the [[difference]] between that for what he is loved (his [[position]] as [[imaginary phallus]]) and what he really has to give (his insignificant real [[organ]]). [[The Subject|The subject]] would have been rescued from anxiety by the [[castrating]] [[intervention]] of the real father, but the father fails to [[separate]] the child from the mother and thus Hans develops a phobia as a [[substitute]] for this intervention. It is not Hans' [[separation]] from the mother which produces anxiety, but failure to separate from her. [[Castration]], far from being the main source of anxiety, is what actually saves [[The Subject|the subject]] from it.
In the distinction between penis and phallus, the latter refers to an imaginary object. The imaginary phallus is perceived by the child as an object of the mother's [[desire]], as that which she desire ahead of the child, thus the child seeks to [[identify]] with this object. The Oedipus and the [[castration complex]] imply the renunciation of the attempt to be the imaginary phallus.<br><br>
The [[doctrine]] becomes systematized in <i>Les [[formations]] de l'[[inconscient]]</i>. In the 1960s the phallus is described as "the signifier of the desire of the [[Other]]" and the signifier of <i>[[jouissance]]</i>. Also the [[notion]] of <i>[[objet a]]</i>, the [[cause]] of [[desire,]] will be added to that of the phallus.
==English==
{| class="wikitable"
| [[Author]](s)
|2 Mb
|pdf
|[http://library1.org/_ads/E6C6A1126E00DEA1C7D998DB231C18BE 1],[http://libgen.io/get.php?md5=E6C6A1126E00DEA1C7D998DB231C18BE 2], [http://b-ok.cc/md5/E6C6A1126E00DEA1C7D998DB231C18BE 3], [http://libgen.me/item/detail/id/460792 4], [http://bookfi.net/md5/E6C6A1126E00DEA1C7D998DB231C18BE 5]
|}
==French=={| class="wikitablefloatright" width="600" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" style="line-height:2.0em; padding-left:30px; background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="150px" style="padding-left:10px" | Date
| De Hans-le-fétiche à Léonard-en-miroir
|}
French versions of [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan's]] [[Seminars]] Source: http://ecole-lacanienne.net
* [[:File:Seminaire_04.pdf|Download]]
<BR><pdf width="450px" height="600px">File:Seminaire_04.pdf</pdf>
<!-- 1956-1957
[[English]]: unpublished. -->
[[Category:Seminars]] [[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
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