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Gaze
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=Jacques Lacan===Jean-Paul Sartre===[[Lacan]]'s first comments on the [[gaze]] appear in the first year of his [[seminar]], in reference to [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]'s [[phenomenology|phenomenological analysis]] of "[[gaze|the look]]."<ref>The fact that the [[English]] translators of [[Sartre]] and [[Lacan]] have used different [[terms]] obscures the fact that both use the same term in [[French]] - ''[[gaze|le regard]]''.</ref> For [[Sartre]], the [[gaze]] is that which permits the [[subject]] to realize that the [[Other]] is also a [[subject]].
<blockquote>My fundamental connection with the Other-as-subject must be able to be referred back to my permanent possibility of ''[[Lacanbeing]]seen's first omments on ' by the [[gaze]] appear in the first year of his [[seminar]], in reference to Other.<ref>[[Jean-Paul Sartre]]'s [[phenomenology|phenomenological analysis]] of "[[gaze|the lookSartre, Jean-Paul]]."<ref>The fact that the English translators of ''[[Jean-Paul Sartre]] |Being and [[LacanNothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]] have used different terms obscures the fact that both use the same term in '', trans. Hazel E. Barnes, [[FrenchLondon]] - '', Methuen, 1958 [[gaze|le regard1943]]''.p. 256</ref></blockquote>
==Object==
It is only in 1964, with the [[development]] of the concept of ''[[objet petit a]]'' as the [[cause]] of [[desire]], that [[Lacan]] develops his own [[theory]] of the [[gaze]], a theory which is quite distinct from [[Sartre]]'s.<ref>{{S11}}</ref> Whereas [[Sartre]] had conflated the [[gaze]] with the [[gaze|act of looking]], [[Lacan]] now separates the two; the [[gaze]] becomes the [[object]] of the [[gaze|act of looking]], or, to be more precise, the [[object]] of the [[drive|scopic drive]]. The [[gaze]] is therefore, in [[Lacan]]'s account, no longer on the side of the [[subject]]; it is the [[gaze]] of the [[Other]].
==Split==
And whereas [[Sartre]] had conceived of an essential reciprocity between seeing the [[Other]] and being-seen-by-him, [[Lacan]] now conceives of an antinomic relation between the [[gaze]] and the [[gaze|eye]]: the [[gaze|eye]] which looks is that of the [[subject]], while the [[gaze]] is on the side of the [[object]], and there is no coincidence between the two, since "You never look at me from the [[place]] at which I see you."<ref>{{S11}} p. 103</ref> When the [[subject]] looks at an [[object]], the [[object]] is always already gazing back at the [[subject]], but from a point at which the [[subject]] cannot see it. This [[split]] between the [[gaze|eye]] and the [[gaze]] is [[nothing]] other than the [[split|subjective division]] itself, expressed in the field of [[vision]].
==Film Theory==
The concept of the [[gaze]] was taken up by [[psychoanalytic]] [[art|film criticism]] in the 1970s, especially by [[feminist]] [[art|film critics]]. However, many of these critics have conflated [[Lacan]]'s concept of the [[gaze]] with the [[Sartre]]an concept of the [[gaze]] and other [[ideas]] on vision such as [[Foucault]]'s account of [[Foucault|panopticism]]. Much of so-called "[[Lacan]]ian [[art|film theory]]" is thus the site of great [[conceptual]] confusion.
=See Also=
{{See}}
* [[Desire]]
* [[Drive]]
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* ''[[Objet petit a]]''
* [[Optical model]]
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* [[Other]]
* [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]
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* [[Split]]
* [[Subject]]
{{Also}}
=References=
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Feminist theory]]
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