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{| style="line-height:2.0em;text-align:justify;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #aaa"| {Top}}[[Frenchabsent]]: ''|absence''|{{Bottom}}
=====The Symbolic and The Real=====
The [[symbolic order]] is characterized by a binary opposition between [[absence]] and [[absence|presence]].<ref>{{S4}} p.67-8</ref>
<blockquote>"In [[the symbolic ]] [[order ]] nothing [[exists ]] except upon an assumed foundation of absence. Nothing exists except insofar as it does not [[exist]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p.392</ref></blockquote>
==Real==This is a basic [[difference ]] between the [[symbolic]] and the [[real]].
<blockquote>"There is no absence in [[The Real|the real]]. There is only absence if you [[suggest ]] that there may be a presence there where there isn't one."<ref>{{S2}} p.313</ref></blockquote>
=====Absence and Presence in Linguistic Phenomena==========Roman Jakobson and Phonemic Opposition===Linguistics==As [[Roman Jakobson]] showed with his [[analysis ]] of [[phoneme]]s, all [[linguistic]] phenomena may be entirely characterized in [[terms ]] of the [[absence|presence]] or [[absence]] of certain distinctive features.
=====Jacques Lacan and the ''Fort/Da'' Game=====[[Lacan]] sees the [[game ]] of ''[[fort-da|fort!/da!]]'', which [[Freud]] describes in ''[[Beyond the Pleasure Principle]]'', as a [[primitive ]] phonemic opposition representing the child's entry into the [[symbolic order]]. The two sounds made by the [[development|child]], O/A, are "a pair of sounds modulated on [[presence]] and [[absence]], and these sounds are related "to the presence and absence of persons and things."<ref>{{E}} p.65, 109, n.46</ref>
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In the "[[fort-da]]" game, the [[child]] throws a cotton reel out of its cot in order to [[symbolic|symbolize]] the [[absence]] and [[presence]] of the [[mother]]. [[Symbolic|Symbolization begins when the [[child]] gets its first [[sense]] that something could be [[missing]].
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==Word==
In the [[symbolic order]], [[absence]] has a positive [[existence|positive existence]] or [[absence|presence]].
<blockquote>"Through the word, which is already a presence made of absence, absence itself comes to be named."<ref>{{E}} p.65</ref></blockquote>
[[Lacan]] [[notes ]] that the [[word]] is "a [[absence|presence]] made of [[absence]]" -- because:
# the [[symbol]] is used in the [[absence]] of the [[thing]] and
# [[signifiers]] only exist insofar as they are opposed to [[other ]] [[signifiers]].<ref>{{E}} p.65</ref> ==The Presence of Absence==
==Presence==Because of the mutual implication of [[absence]] and [[absence|presence]] in the [[symbolic order]], [[absence]] can be said to have an equally positive [[existence]] in the [[symbolic]] as [[absence|presence]]. This is what allows [[Lacan]] to say that "the nothing" (''le rien'') is in itself an [[object]] (a [[partial object]]).<ref>{{S4}} p.184-5</ref>
==Phallus==
It is around the [[absence|presence]] and [[absence]] of the [[phallus]] that [[sexual difference]] is [[symbolically]] apprehended by the [[development|child]]. [[Sexual difference]] is apprehended by the [[child]] [[symbolic]]ally around the [[absence|presence]] and [[absence]] of the [[phallus]].
==See Also==
* [[Existence]]
* [[Fort-Da]]
||
* [[Linguistics]]
* [[Object]]
||* [[PresencePhallus]]* [[Sexual difference]]||* [[Signifier]]* [[Symbol]]||
* [[Symbolic]]
* [[Real]]
{{Also}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
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<references/>
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[[Ecrits]] is the essential source for anyone who seeks to [[understand]] this seminal thinker and hisinfluence influence on contemporary [[thought]] and [[culture]].
[[Category:Symbolic]]
[[Category:ConceptsLanguage]][[Category:TermsLinguistics]]
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