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Algebra

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{{Topp}}algèbre{{Bottom}} [[Image:Lacan-algebra.jpg|thumb|right|Algebra]] is a branch of [[List of algebraic symbolsmathematics]]which reduces the solution of problems to manipulations of [[symbolic]]expressions.
[[Algebra]] ([[Fr]]. ''[[algèbre]]'') is a branch of [[mathematics]] * which reduces the solution of problems to manipulations of [[symbolic]] expressions, and* concerned with the properties and relationships of abstract entities represented in symbolic form.<BR><BR>==Jacques LacanFormalization==
In 1955, [[Lacan]] begins to use [[algebraic]] [[symbol]]s -- in an attempt to [[formalize]] [[psychoanalysis]].
===Formalization of Psychoanalysis===[[Three ]] main reasons lie behind this attempt at [[formalization]].
:1. [[Formalization]] is necessary for [[psychoanalysis]] to acquire [[scientific]] status.
:Just as [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]] uses quasi-[[mathematical ]] [[formulae ]] in an attempt to set [[anthropology]] on a more [[scientific]] footing, [[Lacan]] attempts to do the same for [[psychoanalysis]]
:[[Lacan]] used quasi-mathematical formulae in an attempt to set [[psychoanalysis]] on a more [[scientific]] footing.
:2. [[Formalization]] can provide a core of [[psychoanalytic theory]] which can be transmitted integrally even to those who have never experienced [[psychoanalytic treatment]].
:The [[matheme|formulae]] thus become an essential aspect of the [[training]] of [[psychoanalysis]] which take their [[place ]] alongside [[training|training analysis]] as a medium for the transmission of [[psychoanalytic]] [[knowledge]].
:3. [[Formalization]] of [[psychoanalytic theory]] in [[terms ]] of [[algebraic]] [[symbols]] is a means of preventing [[knowledge|intuitive understanding]], which [[Lacan]] regards as an [[imaginary]] [[lure]] which hinders access to the [[symbolic]].
:Rather than [[being ]] [[understood ]] in an intuitive way, the [[algebraic]] [[symbols]] are to be used, manipulated and read in various different ways.<ref>{{E}} p.313</ref>
==List==[[Image:Lacan-algebra.jpg|thumb|right|[[List of algebraic symbols]]]]The [[algebraic]] [[symbol]]s used by [[Lacan]], which appear principally in the [[matheme]]s, [[schema l]] and the [[graph of desire]], are [[List of Algebraic Symbols==|listed here]], together with their most common [[meaning]].
The ''[[List of algebraicsymbols|Click here]] [[symbol]]s used by [[Lacan]], which appear principally in the [[matheme]]s, [[schema l]] and to view the [[graph List of desire]], are listed below, together with their most common [[meaningAlgebraic Symbols]]. ''
However, it ==Development==It is important to [[remember ]] that the [[symbol]]s do not always refer to the same [[concept ]] throughout [[Lacan]]'s [[work]], but are used in different ways as his work develops. Therefore some caution should be exercised when referring to the [[list]] of [[equivalences]] above.
Therefore some caution should be exercised when referring to the following list of equivalences.  {| style="width:75%;" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"! align="center" | SYMBOL !! align="center" | TRANSLATION|-| align="center" | '''A'''| align="center" | the [[big Other]]|-| align="center" size="x-large" | <strike>'''A'''</strike>| align="center" | the [[bar]]red [[Other]]|-| align="center" | ''a''| align="center" | (see ''[[objet petit a]]|-| align="center" | ''a'''| align="center" | (see ''[[objet petit a]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:BigS.gif]]| align="center" | 1. (before 1957) the [[subject]]<BR>2.(from 1957 on) the [[signifier]]<BR>3. (in the [[matheme|schema]]s of [[Sade]]) the raw [[subject]] of [[pleasure]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:StrikeS.gif]]| align="center" | the [[bar]]red [[subject]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:SS1.gif]]| align="center" | the [[master signifier]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:SS2.gif]]| align="center" | the [[signifying chain]]/[[knowledge]]|-| align="center" | <i>'''s'''</i>| align="center" | the [[signified]] (in the [[Saussure]]an [[sign|algorithm]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:StrikeS(A).gif]]| align="center" | the [[signifier]] of a [[lack]] in the [[Other]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:S(a).gif]]| align="center" | the [[signification]] of the [[Other]] (the [[message]]/[[symptom]])|-| align="center" | '''D'''| align="center" | [[Demand]]|-| align="center" | <i>'''d'''</i>| align="center" | [[Desire]]|-| align="center" | <i>'''m'''</i>| align="center" | the [[ego]] (''[[moi]]'')|-| align="center" | <i>'''i'''</i>| align="center" | the [[specular image]] ([[schema R]])|-| align="center" | <i>'''i(a)'''</i>| align="center" | 1. the [[specular image]] ([[graph of desire]])<BR>2. the [[ideal ego]] ([[optical model]])|-| align="center" | '''I'''| align="center" | the [[ego-ideal]] ([[schema R]])|-| align="center" | '''I(A)'''| align="center" | the [[ego-ideal]] ([[graph of desire]])|-| align="center" | '''Π'''| align="center" | the [[real]] [[phallus]]|-| align="center" | '''Φ'''| align="center" | the [[symbolic]] [[phallus]] [upper-case phi]|-| align="center" | '''(-φ)'''| align="center" | the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]] [lower-case phi]|-| align="center" | <i>'''S'''</i>| align="center" | the [[symbolic]] [[order]] ([[schema R]])|-| align="center" | <i>'''R'''</i>| align="center" | the [[order|field]] of [[reality]] ([[schema R]])|-| align="center" | <i>'''I'''</i>| align="center" | the [[imaginary]] [[order]] ([[schema R]])|-| align="center" | '''P'''| align="center" | the [[symbolic]] [[father]] / [[Name-of-the-Father]]|-| align="center" | <i>'''p'''</i>| align="center" | the [[imaginary]] [[father]] |-| align="center" | '''M'''| align="center" | the [[symbolic]] [[mother]] |-| align="center" | '''J'''| align="center" | ''[[Jouissance]]''|-| align="center" | '''Jφ'''| align="center" | [[phallic]] ''[[jouissance]]''|-| align="center" | '''JA'''| align="center" | the ''[[jouissance]]'' of the [[Other]]|-| align="center" | '''E'''| align="center" | the [[statement]]|-| align="center" | '''e'''| align="center" | the [[enunciation]]|-| align="center" | '''V'''| align="center" | the will-to-enjoy (''volonté de jouissance'')|-|}  ==Typographic Details==
The typographic details and diacritics are extremely important in [[Lacan]]ian [[algebra]].
  The [[difference ]] between upper- and lower-[[case ]] [[symbol]]s, the difference between italicised and non-italicised [[symbol]]s, the use of the apostrophe, the minus [[sign]], and subscripts; all these details play their part in the [[algebraic]] [[system]] For example the upper-case letters usually refer to the [[symbolic]] [[order]], whereas the lower-case letters usually refer to the [[imaginary]].   The use of the [[bar]] is also important.
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Bar]]
* [[Formalization]]
||
* [[Mathematics]]
* [[Matheme]]
* [[Formalization]]||
* [[Science]]
* [[Symbol]]
{{Also}}
==References==
<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
<references/>
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==See Also==
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Terms]]
{{OK}}
 
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