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Algebra

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[[Algebra]] is a branch of [[mathematics]] which reduces the solution of problems to manipulations of [[symbolic]] expressions.
==Formalization==
In 1955, [[Lacan]] begins to use [[algebraic]] [[symbol]]s -- in an attempt to [[formalize]] [[psychoanalysis]].
 
[[Three]] main reasons lie behind this attempt at [[formalization]].
 
:1. [[Formalization]] is necessary for [[psychoanalysis]] to acquire [[scientific]] status.
:Just as [[Image:LacanClaude Lévi-Strauss]] uses quasi-algebra.jpg|thumb|right|[[List of algebraic symbolsmathematical]][[formulae]] in an attempt to set [[anthropology]] on a more [[scientific]] footing, [[Lacan]] attempts to do the same for [[psychoanalysis]]
:[[AlgebraLacan]] is a branch of used quasi-mathematical formulae in an attempt to set [[mathematicspsychoanalysis]] * which reduces the solution of problems to manipulations of on a more [[symbolicscientific]] expressions, and* concerned with the properties and relationships of abstract entities represented in symbolic formfooting.
In 1955, :2. [[LacanFormalization]] begins to use can provide a core of [[algebraicpsychoanalytic theory]] [[symbol]]s -- in an attempt which can be transmitted integrally even to those who have never experienced [[formalize]] [[psychoanalysispsychoanalytic treatment]].
'':The [[Formalizationmatheme|Click hereformulae]] to read about thus become an essential aspect of the [[Formalization|Formalization of Psychoanalysistraining]]''<BR>==[[List of Algebraic Symbols]]==The [[algebraic]] [[symbol]]s used by [[Lacanpsychoanalysis]], which appear principally in the [[matheme]]s, [[schema l]] and the [[graph of desire]], are listed below, together with take their most common [[meaningplace]]. <BR><BR>{| style="width:75%;" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"! align="center" | ALGEBRAIC SYMBOL !! align="center" | COMMON MEANING|-| align="center" | '''A'''| align="center" | the alongside [[big Other]]training|-| align="center" size="x-large" | <strike>'''A'''</strike>| align="center" | the [[bartraining analysis]]red [[Other]]|-| align="center" | <i>'''as a'''</i>| align="center" | (see ''[[objet petit a]]|-| align="center" | <i>'''a''''</i>| align="center" | (see ''[[objet petit a]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:BigS.gif]]| align="center" | 1. (before 1957) the [[subject]]<BR>2.(from 1957 on) medium for the [[signifier]]<BR>3. (in the [[matheme|schema]]s of [[Sade]]) the raw [[subject]] transmission of [[pleasurepsychoanalytic]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:StrikeS.gif]]| align="center" | the [[bar]]red [[subject]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:SS1.gif]]| align="center" | the [[master signifier]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:SS2.gif]]| align="center" | the [[signifying chain]]/[[knowledge]]|-| align="center" | <i>'''s'''</i>| align="center" | the [[signified]] (in the [[Saussure]]an [[sign|algorithm]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:StrikeS(A).gif]]| align="center" | the [[signifier]] of a [[lack]] in the [[Other]]|-| align="center" | [[Image:S(a).gif]]| align="center" | the [[signification]] of the [[Other]] (the [[message]]/[[symptom]])|-| align="center" | '''D'''| align="center" | [[Demand]]|-| align="center" | <i>'''d'''</i>| align="center" | [[Desire]]|-| align="center" | <i>'''m'''</i>| align="center" | the [[ego]] (''[[moi]]'')|-| align="center" | <i>'''i'''</i>| align="center" | the [[specular image]] ([[schema R]])|-| align="center" | <i>'''i(a)'''</i>| align="center" | 1. the [[specular image]] ([[graph of desire]])<BR>2. the [[ideal ego]] ([[optical model]])|-| align="center" | '''I'''| align="center" | the [[ego-ideal]] ([[schema R]])|-| align="center" | '''I(A)'''| align="center" | the [[ego-ideal]] ([[graph of desire]])|-| align="center" | '''Π'''| align="center" | the [[real]] [[phallus]]|-| align="center" | '''Φ'''| align="center" | the [[symbolic]] [[phallus]] [upper-case phi]|-| align="center" | '''(-φ)'''| align="center" | the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]] [lower-case phi]|-| align="center" | <i>'''S'''</i>| align="center" | the [[symbolic]] [[order]] ([[schema R]])|-| align="center" | <i>'''R'''</i>| align="center" | the [[order|field]] of [[reality]] ([[schema R]])|-| align="center" | <i>'''I'''</i>| align="center" | the [[imaginary]] [[order]] ([[schema R]])|-| align="center" | '''P'''| align="center" | the [[symbolic]] [[father]] / [[Name-of-the-Father]]|-| align="center" | <i>'''p'''</i>| align="center" | the [[imaginary]] [[father]] |-| align="center" | '''M'''| align="center" | the [[symbolic]] [[mother]] |-| align="center" | '''J'''| align="center" | ''[[Jouissance]]''|-| align="center" | '''Jφ'''| align="center" | [[phallic]] ''[[jouissance]]''|-| align="center" | '''JA'''| align="center" | the ''[[jouissance]]'' of the [[Other]]|-| align="center" | '''E'''| align="center" | the [[statement]]|-| align="center" | '''e'''| align="center" | the [[enunciation]]|-| align="center" | '''V'''| align="center" | the will-to-enjoy (''volonté de jouissance'')|-|}<BR><BR>
==Development :3. [[Formalization]] of the Symbols==It [[psychoanalytic theory]] in [[terms]] of [[algebraic]] [[symbols]] is important to remember that the a means of preventing [[knowledge|intuitive understanding]], which [[Lacan]] regards as an [[imaginary]] [[symbollure]]s do not always refer which hinders access to the same concept throughout [[Lacansymbolic]]'s work, but are used in different ways as his work develops.
Therefore some caution should :Rather than [[being]] [[understood]] in an intuitive way, the [[algebraic]] [[symbols]] are to be exercised when referring to the list of equivalences aboveused, manipulated and read in various different ways.<ref>{{E}} p.313</ref>
==Typographic DetailsList==The typographic details and diacritics are extremely important in [[Image:Lacan-algebra.jpg|thumb|right|[[List of algebraic symbols]]ian ]]The [[algebraalgebraic]].The difference between upper- and lower-case [[symbol]]sused by [[Lacan]], which appear principally in the difference between italicised and non-italicised [[symbolmatheme]]s, [[schema l]] and the use [[graph of the apostrophedesire]], the minus are [[signList of Algebraic Symbols|listed here]], and subscripts; all these details play together with their part in the most common [[algebraicmeaning]] system.
For example the upper-case letters usually refer to the [[symbolic]] ''[[orderList of algebraic symbols|Click here]], whereas the lower-case letters usually refer to view the [[imaginaryList of Algebraic Symbols]]. ''
==Development==It is important to [[remember]] that the [[symbol]]s do not always refer to the same [[concept]] throughout [[Lacan]]'s [[work]], but are used in different ways as his work develops. Therefore some caution should be exercised when referring to the [[list]] of [[equivalences]] above. ==Details==The typographic details and diacritics are extremely important in [[Lacan]]ian [[algebra]].The [[difference]] between upper- and lower-[[case]] [[symbol]]s, the difference between italicised and non-italicised [[symbol]]s, the use of the apostrophe, the minus [[sign]], and subscripts; all these details play their part in the [[algebraic]] [[system]]. For example the upper-case letters usually refer to the [[symbolic]] [[order]], whereas the lower-case letters usually refer to the [[imaginary]]. The use of the [[bar]] is also important.
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Bar]]
* [[Formalization]]
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* [[Mathematics]]
* [[Matheme]]
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* [[Science]]
* [[Symbol]]
{{Also}}
==References==
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Terms]]
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