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==PsychiatrySigmund Freud== French psychiatry in the nineteenth century (e.g. Pinel) conceived The term "[[alienation]]" does not constitute part of mental illness as aliÈnation mentale, and a common term in French for 'madman' is [[Freud]]''aliénés [[theory|theoretical]] [[:category:concepts|vocabulary]].''<ref>a term which Lacan himself uses; Ec, 154</ref>
==PhilosophyJacques Lacan== The term 'alienation' is the usual translation for the German term ''Entfremdung'' which features in the philosophy of [[Hegel]] and [[Marx]].===References===However, the Lacanian concept of alienation differs greatly from the ways that the term is employed in the Hegelian and Marxist tradition.<ref>as In [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] points out; Sll, 215</ref>For Lacan, alienation is not an accident that befalls the [[subject]] and which can be transcended, but an essential constitutive feature of the subject. The subject is fundamentally [[split]], alienated from himself, and there is no escape from this division, no possibility of 'wholeness' or synthesis.Alienation is an inevitable consequence of the process by which the [[ego]] is constituted by [[identification]] with the [[counterpart]]: "the initial synthesis of the ego is essentially an alter ego, it is alienated."<ref>S3, 39</ref>In Rimbaud's words, "I is an other."<ref>E, 23</ref>Thus alienation belongs to the [[imaginary]] [[order]]Jacques Lacan: "Alienation is constitutive of the imaginary order. Alienation is the imaginary as such."<ref>S3, 146</ref>Although alienation is an essential characteristic of all [[subjectivity]], [[psychosisBibliography|work]] represents a more extreme form of alienation.Lacan coined the term ''implies both [[extimacypsychiatric]]'' to designate the nature of this alienation, in which [[alterity]] inhabits the innermost core of the subject. Lacan devotes the whole of chapter 16 of [[Seminar_XI|The Seminar, Book XI, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]] (1964a) to a discussion of alienation and the related concept of [[separationphilosophical]].references:
;Psychiatry
[[French]] [[psychiatry]] in the nineteenth century (e.g. Pinel) conceived of [[mental]] [[illness]] as ''[[alienation|aliénation mentale]]'', and a common term in [[French]] for "[[madness|madman]]" is ''[[alienation|aliéné]].''<ref>{{Ec}} p. 154</ref>
;Philosophy
The term "[[alienation]]" is the usual [[translation]] for the [[German]] term ''[[alienation|Entfremdung]]'' which features in the '''[[philosophy]]''' of [[Hegel]] and [[Marx]].
However, the [[Lacan]]ian [[concept]] of [[alienation]] differs greatly from the ways that the term is employed in the [[Hegel]]ian and [[Marx]]ist [[tradition]].<ref>{{S11}} p. 215</ref> ===Subject===For [[Lacan]], [[alienation]] is not an accident that befalls the '''[[subject]]''' and which can be transcended, but an essential constitutive feature of the '''[[subject]]'''. The [[subject]] is fundamentally '''[[split]]''', [[alienation|alienated]] from himself, and there is no escape from this [[division]], no possibility of "[[wholeness]]" or [[synthesis]]. ===Ego= References ==[[Alienation]] is an inevitable consequence of the [[process]] by which the '''[[ego]]''' is constituted by '''[[identification]]''' with the [[counterpart]]: <blockquote>"The initial synthesis of the ''ego'' is essentially an ''alter ego'', it is alienated."<ref>{{S3}} p. 39<references/ref></blockquote> In Rimbaud's [[words]], "I is an [[other]]."<ref>{{E}} p. 23</ref> ===Imaginary===Thus [[alienation]] belongs to the '''[[imaginary]] [[order]]''': <blockquote>"Alienation is constitutive of [[the imaginary]] order. Alienation is [[The Imaginary|the imaginary]] as such."<ref>{{S3}} p. 146</ref></blockquote> ===Psychosis===Although [[alienation]] is an essential characteristic of all [[subjectivity]], '''[[psychosis]]''' represents a more extreme [[form]] of [[alienation]]. ==="Extimacy"===[[Lacan]] coined the term "'''[[extimacy]]'''" to designate the [[nature]] of this [[alienation]], in which [[alterity]] inhabits the innermost core of the [[subject]].
==See Also==
{{See}}* [[SeparationCounterpart]]* [[Ego-ideal]]||* ''[[Extimacy]]''* [[Identification]]||
* [[Imaginary]]
* [[Mirror stage]]
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* [[Philosophy]]
* [[Psychosis]]
||
* [[Split]]
* [[Subject]]
{{Also}}
==References==
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[[Category:Philosophy]][[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Imaginary]]
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