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Alienation

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The term 'alienation ' (aliÈnation''aliénation'') does not constitute part of Freud's theoretical vocabulary. In Lacan's work the term implies both psychiatric and philosophical references:
The ==Psychiatry== French psychiatry in the nineteenth century (e.g. Pinel) conceived of mental illness as aliÈnation mentale, and a common term in French for 'madman'alienationis ' does not constitute part of Freud's theoretical vocabularyaliéné. In Lacan's work the '<ref>a term implies both psychiatric and philosophical references:which Lacan himself uses; Ec, 154</ref>
*Psychiatry French psychiatry in the nineteenth century (e.g. Pinel) conceived of mental illness as aliÈnation mentale, and a common term in French for 'madman' is aliÈnÈ (a term which Lacan himself uses; Ec, 154). *==Philosophy == The term 'alienation' is the usual translation for the German term ''Entfremdung '' which features in the philosophy of [[Hegel ]] and [[Marx]].However, the Lacanian concept of alienation differs greatly from the ways that the term is employed in the Hegelian and Marxist tradition (.<ref>as [[Jacques-Alain Miller ]] points out; Sll, 215). </ref>For Lacan, alienation is not an accident that befalls the [[subject ]] and which can be transcended, but an essential constitutive feature of the subject. The subject is fundamentally SPLIT[[split]], alienated from himself, and there is no escape from this division, no possibility of 'wholeness' or synthesis.Alienation is an inevitable consequence of the process by which the [[ego ]] is constituted by [[identification ]] with the [[counterpart]]: '"the initial synthesis of the ego is essentially an alter ego, it is alienated' (."<ref>S3, 39). </ref>In Rimbaud's words, '"I is an other' (."<ref>E, 23). </ref>Thus alienation belongs to the [[imaginary ]] [[order]]: '"Alienation is constitutive of the imaginary order. Alienation is the imaginary as such' (."<ref>S3, 146). </ref>Although alienation is an essential characteristic of all [[subjectivity]], [[psychosis ]] represents a more extreme form of alienation.Lacan coined the term EXTIMACY ÕO ''[[extimacy]]'' to designate the nature of this alienation, in which [[alterity ]] inhabits the innermost core of the subject. Lacan devotes the whole of chapter 16 of [[The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis|The Seminar, Book XI, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis ]] (1964a) to a discussion of alienation and the related concept of [[separation]].
== References ==
<references/>
 
==See Also==
* [[Separation]]
* [[Imaginary]]
 
 
[[Category:Imaginary]]
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