"[[bar]]" ([[Fr]]. ''{{Topp}}[[barre]]''){{Bottom}}<BR>
==The Concept of the Sign==
[[Image:SAUSSUREANALGORITHM.gif|thumb|150px|right|[[Saussurean algorithm|The Saussurean algorithm]]]]
The term "[[bar]]" first appears in [[Lacan]]'s [[work]] in 1957, where it is introduced in the context of a [[discussion]] of [[Ferdinand de Saussure]]'s [[concept]] of the [[sign]].<ref>{{E}} p.149</ref>In this context, the [[bar]] is the line that separates the [[signifier]] from the [[signified]] (in the [[Saussurean algorithm]]), and stands for the [[resistance]] inherent in [[signification]] which is only crossed in [[metaphor]].
==The Barred Subject==Not long after the 1957 paper in which the term "first appears, in the [[seminar]] of 1957-8, [[Lacan]] goes on to use the [[bar]]" first appears in Lacanto strike through his [[algebraic]] [[symbol]]s '''S''' and '''A'''s work in 1957, where it is introduced in the context of a discussion manner reminiscent of [[SaussureHeidegger]]'s concept [[practice]] of crossing out the [[signword]] "[[being]]."<ref>{{E}} p[[Heidegger|Heidegger, Martin]]. (1956) ''The Question of Being'', trans. William Kluback and Jean T. WIlde, [[London]]: [[Vision]], 1959.149</ref>The [[bar]] is used to strike through the '''S''' to produce, [[Image:StrikeS.gif]], the "[[bar|barred subject']]." The [[bar]] here represents the [[division]] of the [[subject]] by [[language]], the [[split]]. Thus whereas before 1957 '''S''' designates the [[subject]] (e.g. in [[schema L]]), from 1957 on '''S''' designates the [[signifier]] and [[Image:StrikeS.gif]] designates the ([[divided]]) [[subject]].
In this context, the ==The Barred Other==The [[bar]] is also used to strike through the line that separates '''A''' (the [[big Other]]) to produce the [[signifieralgebra]] from ic notation for the "[[bar|barred Other]]," <strike>'''A'''</strike>. However, [[Lacan]] continues to use both [[sign]]s in his [[signifiedalgebra]] (e.g. in the [[Saussurean algorithmgraph of desire]]). The [[bar]]red [[Other]] is the [[Other]] insofar as it is [[castration|castrated]], and stands for [[lack|incomplete]], marked by a [[lack]], as opposed to the [[resistancelack|complete]], [[fragmented body|consistent]] inherent in , [[castration|uncastrated]] [[Other]], an [[significationun-barred]] '''A''', which is only crossed in does not [[metaphorexistence|exist]].
=="Woman Does Not Exist"==
In 1973 the [[bar]] is used to strike through the definite article ''la'' whenever it precedes the noun ''[[woman|femme]]'' ("[[woman]]"), as in [[Lacan]]'s famous phrase ''[[woman|la femme n'existe pas]]'' ("[[woman|woman does not exist]]"). The definite article in [[French]] indicates [[universality]], and by crossing it out [[Lacan]] illustrates his [[thesis]] that [[femininity]] is resistant to all forms of generalisation.<ref>{{S20}} p.68</ref>
Not long after ==Other Interpretations==In addition to these functions, the [[bar]] can also be [[interpreted]] as the 1957 paper in [[symbolic]] [[phallus]] (which itself is never [[bar]]red), as the term first appears, [[symbol]] of [[negation]] in the seminar [[formulae of 1957-8sexuation]] (see [[sexual difference]]), Lacan goes on to use and as the bar to strike through his algebraic symbols S and A in a manner reminiscent of Heidegger's practice of crossing out the word 'being[[trait]] [[unaire]]'' (see Heidegger, 1956[[identification]]).
The bar is used to strike through the S to produce, S, the 'barred subject'. ==See Also=={| width=100%The bar here represents the division of the subject by language, the SPLIT. |* [[Algebra]]Thus whereas before 1957 S designates the subject (e.g. in schema L), from 1957 on S designates the signifier and S designates the (divided) subject. * [[Castration]]* [[Division]]The bar is also used to strike through the A (the big Other) to produce the algebraic notation for the 'barred Other', A.||* [[Language]]However, Lacan continues to use both signs in his algebra (e.g. in the graph of desire). The barred * [[Other is the Other insofar as it is castrated, incomplete, marked by a lack, as opposed to the complete, consistent, uncastrated Other, an un-barred A, which does not exist.]]* [[Sign]]----|| In 1973 the * [[barSignification]] is used to strike through the definite article ''la'' whenever it precedes the noun ''femme'' (w'oman'), as in * [[LacanSignified]]'s famous phrase ''kffemme n existe pas'' ('* [[woman does not existSignifier]]'). ||The definite article in French indicates universality, and by crossing it out Lacan illustrates his thesis that femininity is resistant to all forms of generalisation (see S20, 68). ----* [[Split]] In addition to these functions, the bar can also be interpreted as the symbolic phallus (which itself is never barred), as the symbol of negation in the formulae of sexuation (see * [[sexual differenceSubject]]), and as the trait unaire (see * [[identificationWoman]]).|}
== References ==
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Linguistics]]
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[[Category:Jacques LacanSymbolic]][[Category:Language]][[Category:Concepts]]
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