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{{TopTopp}}[[barre]]{{Bottom}}<BR>

==The Concept of the Sign==[[Image:Lacan-saussureanalgorithmSAUSSUREANALGORITHM.jpggif|thumb|150px|right|[[Saussurean algorithm|The Saussurean algorithm]]]]The term "[[bar]]" first appears in [[Lacan]]'s [[work]] in 1957, where it is introduced in the context of a [[discussion]] of [[Ferdinand de Saussure]]'s [[concept]] of the [[sign]].<ref>{{E}} p.149</ref>In this context, the [[bar]] is the line that separates the [[signifier]] from the [[signified]] (in the [[Saussurean algorithm]]), and stands for the [[resistance]] inherent in [[signification]] which is only crossed in [[metaphor]].

=====The Concept of the Sign===Barred Other==The term [[bar]] is also used to strike through the '''A''' (the [[big Other]]) to produce the [[algebra]]ic notation for the "[[bar|barred Other]]," first appears in <strike>'''A'''</strike>. However, [[Jacques Lacan]]'continues to use both [[sign]]s work in 1957, where it is introduced his [[algebra]] (e.g. in the context [[graph of desire]]). The [[bar]]red [[Other]] is the [[Other]] insofar as it is [[castration|castrated]], [[lack|incomplete]], marked by a discussion of [[Ferdinand de Saussurelack]], as opposed to the [[lack|complete]], [[fragmented body|consistent]], [[castration|uncastrated]] [[Other]], an [[un-barred]]'s concept of the ''A''', which does not [[signexistence|exist]].<ref>{{E}} p.149</ref>

=="Woman Does Not Exist"==In this context, 1973 the [[bar]] is used to strike through the line that separates definite article ''la'' whenever it precedes the noun ''[[signifierwoman|femme]] from the '' ("[[woman]]"), as in [[Lacan]]'s famous phrase ''[[signifiedwoman|la femme n'existe pas]] '' ("[[woman|woman does not exist]]"). The definite article in the [[Saussurean algorithmFrench]] indicates [[universality]]), and stands for the by crossing it out [[resistanceLacan]] inherent in illustrates his [[significationthesis]] which is only crossed in that [[metaphorfemininity]]is resistant to all forms of generalisation.<ref>{{S20}} p.68</ref>

=====Barred Subject=====Not long after the 1957 paper in which the term first appears, in the [[seminar]] of 1957-8, [[Lacan]] goes on to use the [[bar]] to strike through his [[algebraic]] [[symbol]]s '''S''' and '''A''' in a manner reminiscent of [[Heidegger]]'s practice of crossing out the word "[[being]]."<ref>[[Heidegger|Heidegger, Martin]]. (1956) ''The Question of Being'', trans. William Kluback and Jean T. WIlde, London: Vision, 1959.</ref> The [[bar]] is used to strike through the '''S''' to produce, [[Image:StrikeS.gif]], the "[[bar|barred subject']]."  The [[bar]] here represents the [[division]] of the [[subject]] by [[language]], the [[split]].  Thus whereas before 1957 '''S''' designates the [[subject]] (e.g. in [[schema L]]), from 1957 on '''S''' designates the [[signifier]] and [[Image:StrikeS.gif]] designates the ([[divided]]) [[subject]].  =====Barred Other=====The [[bar]] is also used to strike through the '''A''' (the [[big Other]]) to produce the algebraic notation for the "[[bar|barred Other]]," '''A'''. However, [[Lacan]] continues to use both [[sign]]s in his [[algebra]] (e.g. in the [[graph of desire]]).  The [[bar]]red [[Other]] is the [[Other]] insofar as it is [[castration|castrated]], [[lack|incomplete]], marked by a [[lack]], as opposed to the complete, consistent, uncastrated [[Other]], an un-barred '''A''', which does not [[existence|exist]]. =====Woman Does Not Exist=====In 1973 the [[bar]] is used to strike through the definite article ''la'' whenever it precedes the noun ''[[woman|femme]]'' ("[[woman]]"), as in [[Lacan]]'s famous phrase ''[[woman|la femme n'existe pas]]'' ("[[woman|woman does not exist]]").  The definite article in [[French]] indicates universality, and by crossing it out [[Lacan]] illustrates his thesis that [[femininity]] is resistant to all forms of generalisation.<ref>{{S20}} p.68</ref> =====Other Interpretations=====In addition to these functions, the [[bar]] can also be [[interpreted ]] as the [[symbolic]] [[phallus]] (which itself is never [[bar]]red), as the [[symbol]] of [[negation]] in the [[formulae of sexuation]] (see [[sexual difference]]), and as the ''[[trait ]] [[unaire]]'' (see [[identification]]).