Changes

bar ({{Topp}}[[barre) ]]{{Bottom}}<BR>

==The Concept of the Sign==[[Image:SAUSSUREANALGORITHM.gif|thumb|150px|right|[[Saussurean algorithm|The Saussurean algorithm]]]]The term '"[[bar' ]]" first appears in [[Lacan]]'s [[work ]] in 1957, where it is introduced in the context of a [[discussion ]] of [[Ferdinand de Saussure]]'s [[concept ]] of the SIGN ([[sign]].<ref>{{E, }} p.149). </ref>In this context, the [[bar ]] is the line that separates the [[signifier ]] from the [[signified ]] (in the [[Saussurean algorithm (see Figure 18]]), and stands for the [[resistance ]] inherent in [[signification ]] which is only crossed in [[metaphor]]. Lacan takes pleasure in the fact that, in French, barre is an anagram of arbre (tree), since it is precisely with a tree that Saussure illustrates his own concept of the sign (E, 154). ==The Barred Subject==Not long after the 1957 paper in which the term first appears, in the [[seminar ]] of 1957-8, [[Lacan ]] goes on to use the [[bar ]] to strike through his [[algebraic symbols ]] [[symbol]]s '''S ''' and '''A ''' in a manner reminiscent of [[Heidegger]]'s [[practice ]] of crossing out the [[word ']] "[[being' (see ]]."<ref>[[Heidegger|Heidegger, Martin]]. (1956)''The Question of Being'', trans. William Kluback and Jean T. WIlde, [[London]]: [[Vision]], 1959.</ref>The [[bar ]] is used to strike through the '''S ''' to produce, S[[Image:StrikeS.gif]], the '"[[bar|barred subject']]. " The [[bar ]] here represents the [[division ]] of the [[subject ]] by [[language]], the SPLIT[[split]]. Thus whereas before 1957 '''S ''' designates the [[subject ]] (e.g. in [[schema L]]), from 1957 on '''S ''' designates the [[signifier ]] and S [[Image:StrikeS.gif]] designates the ([[divided]]) [[subject]].  ==The Barred Other==The [[bar ]] is also used to strike through the '''A ''' (the [[big Other]]) to produce the algebraic [[algebra]]ic notation for the '"[[bar|barred Other]]," <strike>''', A '''</strike>. However, [[Lacan ]] continues to use both signs [[sign]]s in his [[algebra ]] (e.g. in the [[graph of desire]]). The barred [[bar]]red [[Other ]] is the [[Other ]] insofar as it is [[castration|castrated]], [[lack|incomplete]], marked by a [[lack]], as opposed to the [[lack|complete]], [[fragmented body|consistent]], [[castration|uncastrated ]] [[Other]], an [[un-barred ]] '''A''', which does not [[existence|exist]]. =="Woman Does Not Exist"==In 1973 the [[bar ]] is used to strike through the definite article ''la '' whenever it precedes the noun ''[[woman|femme ]]'' ("[[woman]]"), as in [[Lacan]]'s famous phrase kffemme ''[[woman|la femme n 'existe pas ]]'' ('"[[woman|woman does not exist']]"). The definite article in [[French ]] indicates [[universality]], and by crossing it out [[Lacan ]] illustrates his [[thesis ]] that [[femininity ]] is resistant to all forms of generalisation (see .<ref>{{S20, }} p.68).</ref> ==Other Interpretations==In addition to these functions, the [[bar ]] can also be [[interpreted ]] as the [[symbolic ]] [[phallus ]] (which itself is never barred[[bar]]red), as the [[symbol ]] of [[negation ]] in theformulae the [[formulae of sexuation ]] (see SEXUAL DIFFERENCE[[sexual difference]]), and as the ''[[trait ]] [[unaire ]]'' (see IDENTIFICATION[[identification]]). ==See Also=={| width=100%|* [[Algebra]]* [[Castration]]* [[Division]]||* [[Language]]* [[Other]]* [[Sign]]||* [[Signification]]* [[Signified]]* [[Signifier]]||* [[Split]]* [[Subject]]* [[Woman]]|}

[[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]][[Category:Linguistics]][[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Symbolic]][[Category:Language]][[Category:Concepts]]

[[Category:ConceptsOK]][[Category:Psychoanalysis]]__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__