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=====Jacques Lacan==========Metaphysical and Philosophical Foundations of Psychoanalytic Theory==========Metaphysics and Philosophy=====[[Lacan]]'s use of the term '"[[being]]' (''être'') " introduces a metaphysical note to his [[discourse ]] that distinguishes it from most other [[school]]s of [[psychoanalytic theory]], which refuse to engage with their metaphysical and [[philosophical ]] foundations.<ref>(see {{E, }} p.228)</ref> =====Analyst in Relation to Being=====[[Lacan]] argues that it is necessary for psychoanalysts [[psychoanalyst]]s to engage with such concerns, for when the [[analyst]] intervenes his [[action ]] "goes to the heart of [the analysand's] being," and this also affects his own [[being]], since he cannot "remain alone [[outside ]] the field of play."<ref>({{E, }} p. 228)</ref> Hence "it is certainly in the relation to being that the analyst has to find his operating level."<ref>{{E, }} p.252</ref> =====Psychoanalytic Treatment==========Loss of Being=====[[Lacan]] also argues that during the course of the [[treatment]] the [[analyst]] is subjected to a progressive [[being|loss of being ]] (Fr. ''[[being|désêtre]]''), as he is gradually reduced to being a mere [[object]] for the [[analysand]]. =====Martin Heidegger=====[[Lacan]]'s [[discussion ]] of [[being]] is clearly influenced by the [[ideas ]] of [[Martin Heidegger]].<ref>(see Heidegger, 1927)</ref> =====Symbolic Order=====[[Being]] belongs to the [[symbolic]] [[order]], since it is "the relation to the Other in which being finds its status."<ref>({{E, }} p.251)</ref> =====Lack of Being==========Desire for Being=====This relation, like the [[Other]] itself, is marked by a [[lack]] (''[[lack|manque]]''), and the [[subject]] is constituted by this [[lack]] of [[being]] (''[[lack|manque-à-être]]''), which gives rise to [[desire]], a [[lack|want-to-be ]] (''[[lack|manque-à-être]]''); [[desire]] is thus essentially a [[desire]] for [[being]]. =====Being and Existence=====Whenever [[Lacan]] opposes [[being]] to [[existence]], œt œS it is with [[existence]] in the [[real]], which contrasts with the [[symbolic]] function of [[being]]. Something may thus ''be '' without ''[[existence|existing]]'', when it is constructed from [[speech]] but finds no correlate in the [[real]] (e.g. the [[complete ]] [[Other]]). Conversely, something may ''[[existence|exist ]]'' without ''[[being]]'', such as the '"ineffable, stupid existence' " of the [[subject]], which cannot be completely reduced to a signifying articulation.<ref>({{E, }} p.194)</ref> <!-- ==More==[[Lacan]] coins the neologism '''[[parlêtre]]''' from the [[verbal ]] noun ''[[être]]'' ('"[[being']]") and the verb ''[[speech|parler]]'' ('"[[speech|to speak']]") to emphasise emphasize his point that [[being]] is constituted in and through [[language]]. A [[human ]] [[being ]] is above all a [[parlêtre|speaking being]].-->

{{See}}* [[Analysand]]* [[symbolicAnalyst]]||* [[HeideggerDesire]]* [[desireExistence]]||* [[Speech]]* [[Subject]]||* [[Symbolic]]{{Also}}