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====Infantile Theory=Phallic Phase===The [[castration complex]] affects both [[sex]]es because its [[appearance]] is closely linked with the [[castration complex|phallic phase]], a moment of [[development|psychosexual development]] when the [[child]], whether [[boy]] or [[girl]], [[knows]] only one [[penis|genital organ]] - the [[male]] one. This [[phase]] is also known as the [[castration complex|infantile genital organisation]] because it is the first moment when the [[drive|partial drive]]s are [[unified]] under the primacy of the [[genital]] organs. It thus anticipates the [[genital|genital organisation]] proper which arises at [[development|puberty]], when the [[subject]] is aware of both the [[male]] and the [[female]] [[biology|sexual organ]]s.<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Infantile Genital Organization]]." 1923. [[SE]] XIX. p. 141</ref>
===Oedipus Complex===[[Freud]] first described argued that the [[castration complex]] is closely linked to the [[Oedipus complex]], but that its [[role]] in 1908the [[Oedipus complex]] is different for the [[boy]] and the [[girl]]. In the [[case]] of the [[boy]], arguing that the [[childcastration complex]] is the point of exit from the [[Oedipus complex]], its terminal crisis; because of his [[fear]] of [[castration]] -- often aroused by a [[fear|threat]] -- the [[boy]] renounces his [[desire]] for the [[mother]] and thus enters the [[development|latency period]]. In the case of the [[girl]], on discovering the anatomical difference between [[castration complex]] is the sexes (point of entry into the [[presenceOedipus complex]] or ; it is her resentment of the [[absencemother]] , whom she blames for depriving her of the [[penis]]), makes that causes her to redirect her [[libido|libidinal]] [[desire]]s away from the [[mother]] and onto the assumption that [[father]]. Because of this [[sexual difference is due to |difference]], in the case of the [[femalegirl]]'s the [[Oedipus complex]] has no definitive terminal crisis comparable to the [[penisboy]] having been cut off's.<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Dissolution of the Oedipus Complex]], 1908c" 1924. [[SE]] XIX p. 173</ref>
<!-- ==Two Operations== --><!-- From this account of the [[Oedipus complex]], it is clear that [[Lacan]] uses the term "[[castration]]" to refer to two different operations. --><!-- ===Castration of the Mother===<!-- [[Lacan]] often uses the term "[[castration complex|castration]]" to [[speak]] of the [[castration complex|castration]] -- or, more precisely, the "[[privation]]" -- of the [[mother]]. In the [[first time]] of the [[Oedipus complex]], "the mother is considered, by both sexes, as possessing the phallus, as the [[phallic]] mother."<ref>{{E}} p.282</ref> By promulgating the [[incest taboo]] in the [[second time]], the [[imaginary]] [[father]] is seen to deprive her of this [[phallus]]. However, [[Lacan]] himself often uses these [[terms]] interchangeably, speaking both of the [[privation]] of the [[mother]] and of her [[castration complex|castration]].<!-- ===Castration of [[the Subject]]=== --><!-- This is [[castration complex|castration]] proper, in the [[sense]] of being a [[symbolic]] [[act]] which bears on an [[imaginary]] [[object]]. Whereas the [[castration complex|castration]]/[[privation]] of the [[mother]] which comes about in the second time of the [[Oedipus complex]] negates the verb "to have" -- the [[mother]] does not have the [[phallus]], the [[castration complex|castration]] of the [[subject]] in the [[third time]] of the [[Oedipus complex]] negates the verb "to be" -- the [[subject]] must [[renounce]] his attempts to be the [[phallus]] for the [[mother]]. -->
This applies equally to [[boy]]s and [[girl]]s:<blockquote>"[This] [[relationship]] to the phallus . . . is established without [[regard]] to the [[anatomical]] [[difference]] of the sexes."<ref>{{E}} p. 282</ref></blockquote> <!-- ====Lack==== -->On a more fundamental level, the term [[castration complex|castration]] may also refer not to an "operation" -- the result of an [[intervention]] by the [[imaginary]] or [[real]] [[father]] -- but to a [[state]] of [[lack]] which already [[exists]] in the [[mother]] prior to the [[subject]]'s [[birth]]. This [[lack]] is evident in her own [[desire]], which the [[subject]] perceives as a [[desire]] for the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]]. That is, the [[subject]] realises at a very early [[stage]] that the [[mother]] is not [[lack|complete]] and [[autonomy|self-sufficient]] in herself, nor fully [[satisfied]] with her [[child]] (the [[subject]] himself), but [[desire]]s something else. This is the [[subject]]'s first [[perception]] that the [[Other]] is not [[lack|complete]] but [[lack]]ing. <!-- ==="Normalizing Effect"=== The [[castration complex]] presents the [[subject]] with a [[choice]]: to accept [[castration complex|castration]] or to deny it. [[Lacan]] argues that it is only by accepting (or "assuming") [[castration complex|castration]] that the [[subject]] can reach a degree of [[psyche|psychic]] [[perversion|normality]]. In other [[words]], the assumption of [[castration complex|castration]] has a "[[normalizing effect]]". This [[normalising effect]] is to be [[understood]] in terms of both [[psychopathology]] ([[clinic]]al [[structure]]s and [[symptom]]s) and [[sexual identity]].-->===Clinical Structures===It is the [[refusal]] of [[castration complex|castration]] that lies at the root of all [[neurosis|psychopathological]] [[structure]]s. However, since it is [[impossible]] to accept [[castration complex|castration]] entirely, a completely "normal" [[position]] is never achieved. The closest to such a position is the [[neurosis|neurotic]] [[structure]], but even here the [[subject]] still [[defends]] himself against the [[lack]] in the [[Other]] by repressing [[awareness]] of [[castration complex|castration]]. This prevents the [[neurotic]] from fully assuming his [[desire]], since "it is the assumption of castration that creates the lack upon which desire is instituted."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 852</ref> A more radical [[defense]] against [[castration complex|castration]] than [[repression]] is [[disavowal]], which is at the root of the [[perversion|perverse]] [[structure]]. The [[psychotic]] takes the most extreme path of all; he completely repudiates [[castration complex|castration]], as if it had never existed.<ref>{{S1}} p. 53</ref> This [[repudiation]] of [[castration complex|symbolic castration]] leads to the [[return]] of [[castration complex|castration]] in the [[real]], such as in the [[form]] of [[hallucinations]] of [[fragmented body|dismemberment]] (as in the case of the [[Wolf Man]]) or even [[self]]-mutilation of the [[real]] [[genital|genital organ]]s. <!-- ====Perversion====A more radical [[defense]] against [[castration complex|castration]] than [[repression]] is [[disavowal]], which is at the root of the [[perversion|perverse]] [[structure]]. --><!-- ====Psychosis====The [[psychotic]] takes the most extreme path of all; he completely repudiates [[castration complex|castration]], as if it had never existed.<ref>{{S1}} p. 53</ref> This repudiation of [[castration complex|symbolic castration]] leads to the return of [[castration complex|castration]] in the [[real]], such as in the form of [[hallucinations]] of [[fragmented body|dismemberment]] (as in the case of the [[Wolf Man]]) or even self-mutilation of the [[real]] [[genital|genital organ]]s.--><!-- ===Castration and Sexual Identity===It is only by assuming [[castration complex|castration]] (in both senses) that the [[subject]] can take up a [[sexual difference|sexual position]] as a [[man]] or a [[woman]]. The different modalities of refusing [[castration complex|castration]] find expression in the various forms of [[perversion]].-->==See Also=={{See}}* [[Absence]]* [[Biology]]* [[Desire]]* [[Development]]||* [[Drive]]* [[Fantasy]]* [[Father]]* [[Frustration]]||* [[Lack]]* [[Mother]]* [[Neurosis]]* [[Oedipus complex]]||* [[Penis]]* [[Perversion]]* [[Phallus]]* [[Privation]]||* [[Psychosis]]* [[Sexual difference]]* [[Structure]]* [[Treatment]]{{Also}} ==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div>[[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]][[Category:Sexuality]][[Category:Development]][[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Practice]][[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Terms]]{{OK}}