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This is how it appears in [[Freud]] in [[Studies on Hysteria]]:
<blockquote>"we are very often astonished to realize in what a mutilated [[state ]] all the [[ideas ]] and scenes emerged which we extracted from the patient by procedure of pressing. Precisely the essential elements of the picture were [[missing ]] [...] I will give one or two examples of the way in which a censoring of this kind operates..."<ref>1895b, p. 281-282</ref></blockquote>
He then shows that what is censored is what appears to the patient to be blameworthy, shameful, and inadmissible.
In a [[letter ]] to [[Wilhelm Fleiss]]<ref>December 22, 1897, in 1950a</ref> he compares this [[psychic ]] [[work ]] to the [[censorship]] that the czarist [[regime ]] imposed on Russian newspapers at the [[time]]:
<blockquote>"[[Words]], sentences and [[whole ]] paragraphs are blacked out, with the result that the [[remainder ]] is unintelligible."<ref>1950a, p. 240</ref></blockquote>
Although the term appears quite frequently in writings from this first period, its status remains uncertain.
[[Freud]] seems to be describing the deliberate [[suppression ]] by [[patient]]s, in their [[communication]] with the doctor, of what they do not wish to reveal to him, as well as the [[mechanism ]] and effects of [[unconscious]] [[repression]].<ref>1896b</ref>
A second [[meaning ]] appears when he evokes the [[censorship]] which, in [[dream-work]], results in a [[manifest]] [[text ]] [[being ]] presented as a riddle.<ref>[[Interpretation ]] of [[Dreams]], 1900a</ref>
The metapsychological [[texts ]] of 1915 elaborate on the distinctions outlined in chapter seven of the [[Interpretation of Dreams]].
[[Censorship]] is in fact defined as that which opposes the [[return ]] of that which is [[repressed]], at the two successive levels in the passage from the [[unconscious]] to the [[preconscious]] (the "antechamber") and on to the [[conscious]] (the "drawing-room").<ref>1915e</ref>
[[Censorship]] is thus clearly distinguished from [[repression]]: whereas [[repression]] rejects a [[representation ]] and/or an [[affect]] into the [[unconscious]], [[censorship]] is what prevents it from re-emerging.
[[Freud]] nevertheless confuses this [[distinction ]] later when he writes, for example:
<blockquote>"We [[know ]] the [[self]]-observing [[agency ]] as the ego-censor, the [[conscience]]; it is this that exercises the dream-censorship during the night, from which the repressions of inadmissible wishful impulses proceed."<ref>1916-17a, p. 429</ref></blockquote>
With the introduction of the [[structural theory]] [[Freud]] made a new distinction, with the [[ego]] becoming the [[agent]] of the [[censorship]] under the [[superego]]—the merciless supervisor.<ref>1923b</ref>
Although the [[notion ]] of [[censorship]] continues to be fairly widely used in [[psychoanalysis]] to describe [[resistance]] to the [[treatment]], it has scarcely received any further elaboration and its [[global ]] [[nature ]] may [[cause ]] it to appear to be somewhat outmoded.
==See Also==
<references/>
* [[Freud, Sigmund]]. (1895b). On the grounds for detaching a [[particular ]] syndrome from neurasthenia under the description "[[anxiety ]] [[neurosis]]." SE, 3: 85-115.* ——. (1896b). Further remarks on the neuro-[[psychoses ]] of [[defence]]. SE, 3: 157-185.* ——. (1900a). The [[interpretation of dreams]]. SE, 4-5.
* ——. (1915e). The unconscious. SE, 14: 159-204.
* ——. (1916-1917a). Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. Parts I & II. SE, 15-16.
* ——. (1923b). The ego and the id. SE, 19: 1-66.
* ——. (1950a). Extracts from the [[Fliess ]] papers. SE, 1: 173-280.
[[Category:Glossary]]
