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 == Sigmund Freud ==Freud has often been accused of a crude determinism, since no slip or blunder, no matter how apparently insignificant, is ever ascribed to chance (''chance'').  Indeed, [[Freud ]] wrote, '"I believe in external (real) chance, it is true, but not in internal (psychical) accidental events."<ref>Freud, 1901: 257</ref> --- {{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud]] is often accused |The Psychopathology of crude determinism.[[FreudEveryday Life]] almost never ascribes accident events to chance'', 1901.No slip or blunder, no matter how apparently insignificant, is ever ascribed to [[chanceSE]]VI. [[Freud]] states: "I believe in external (real) chance, it is true, but not in internal (psychical) accidental eventsp."<ref>Freud, 1901: 257</ref>

[[Lacan]] expresses the same [[belief]] in his own terms: [[chance]], in the sense of pure [[time|contingency]], only [[exists]] in the [[real]].

In the [[Chancesymbolic]], in the sense of pure [[contingencyorder]], only [[exists]] in the there is no such thing as pure [[realchance]].

==''Automaton'' and ''Tyche''==In the seminar of 1964, [[symbolicLacan]] uses [[orderAristotle]], there is no such thing as pure 's distinction between two kinds of [[chance]] to illustrate this distinction between the [[real]] and the [[symbolic]].

---- In the seminar of 1964, [[Lacan]] uses [[Aristotle]]'s distinction between two kinds of chance to illustrate this distinction between the [[real]] and the [[symbolic]].  In the second book of the ''Physics'', where the concept of causality (see [[causecausality]]) is discussed, [[Aristotle]] explores the role of [[chance ]] and [[chance|fortune ]] in [[causality]].

He distinguishes between two types of [[chance]]: * ''[[automaton]]'', which refers to chance events in the world at large, and * ''[[tyche]]'', which designates [[chance]] insofar as it affects agents who are capable of moral [[actionethics|moral]].---  [[Lacan]] redefines [[automaton]] as "the network of signifiers", thus locating it in the [[symbolic orderaction]].

The term thus comes to designate those phenomena which seem to be chance but which are in truth the insistence of the ==Symbolic==[[Lacan]] redefines ''[[signifierautomaton]] '' as "the network of signifiers", thus locating it in determining the [[subjectsymbolic order]].

The term thus comes to designate those phenomena which seem to be [[Automatonchance]] is not truly arbitrary: only but which are in truth the [[realrepetition|insistence]] is truly arbitrary, since "of the real is beyond [[signifier]] in determining the automaton."<ref>{{S11}} p[[subject]].59</ref>

''[[Tyche]] '' thus refers to the incursion of the [[real]] into the [[symbolic]] [[order]]: unlike the ''[[automaton]]'', which is the [[structure]] of the [[symbolicorder]] order which determines the [[subject]], ''[[tyche]]'' is purely arbitrary, beyond the determinations of the [[symbolic]] [[order]].

==See Also=={{See}}* [[Causality]]* [[Real]]||* [[Signification]]* [[Signifier]]||* [[Subject]]* [[Symbolic]]{{Also}} ==References==<references/> [[Category:TermsPsychoanalysis]][[Category:ConceptsSigmund Freud]]

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