Difference between revisions of "Communication"

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The term '[[consciousness]]' ([[French]]:''conscience''), as [[Sigmund Freud]]
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{{Top}}communicating|communication{{Bottom}}
  
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In the so-called 'topographical model', [[Freud]] isolates consciousness as one of the parts of the [[psyche]], along with the [[unconscious]] and the [[preconscious]].  
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=====Modern Linguistics=====
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Most theories of [[communication]] -- offered by modern [[linguistics]] --  are characterised by two important features.
  
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[[Lacan]] finds [[Freud]]'s remarks on [[consciousness]] far weaker than his formulations on the [[unconscious]].
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# Firstly, they usually involve a reference to the [[category]] of intentionality, which is conceived of as coterminuous with [[consciousness]].
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# Secondly, they [[represent]] [[communication]] as a simple [[process]] in which a [[message]] is sent by one person (the addresser) to [[another]] (the addressee).<ref>[[Roman Jakobson|Jakobson, Roman]]. (1960) "Linguistics and poetics," in ''Selected Writings'', vol. II, ''[[Poetry]] of Grammar and Grammar of Poetry'', The [[Hague]]: Mouton, 1981, p. 21</ref>
  
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<blockquote>"While he [Freud] can give a coherent, balanced account of the majority of other parts of the psychic apparatus, when it's a question of consciousness, he always encounters mutually contradictory conditions."<ref>{{S2}} p.117</ref></blockquote>
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=====Psychoanalytic Treament=====
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However, both these features are put into question by the specific [[experience]] of [[communication]] in [[psychoanalytic]] [[treatment]].  
  
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According to [[Lacan]], [[Freud]]'s problems with discussing [[consciousness]] return again and again to haunt his theory:  
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# Firstly, [[speech]] is revealed to possess an [[intentionality]] that goes beyond [[conscious]] [[purpose]].
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# Secondly, the [[speaker]]'s [[message]] is seen to be not merely directed at another but also at himself.
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:<blockquote>"In [[human]] [[speech]] the sender is always a receiver at the same [[time]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 24</ref></blockquote>
  
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"The difficulties which this system of consciousness raises reappear at each level of Freud's theorising."<ref>{{S2}} p.117</ref>
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=====Unconscious Message=====
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Putting these two points together, it can be said that the part of the speaker's [[message]] which is addressed to himself is the [[unconscious]] [[intention]] behind the [[message]]. When [[speaking]] to the [[analyst]], the [[analysand]] is also addressing a [[message]] to himself, but is not aware of this.  
  
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In particular, [[Lacan]] rejects the apparent attempts in [[Freud]]'s work to link the [[consciousness]]-perception system to the [[ego]], unless this link is carefully theorised.  
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=====Analytic Communication=====
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The task of the [[analyst]] is to enable the [[analysand]] to hear the [[message]] he is [[unconscious]]ly addressing to himself by [[interpretation|interpreting]] the [[analysand]]'s [[words]], the [[analyst]] permits the [[analysand]]'s [[message]] to [[return]] to him in its [[true]], [[unconscious]] [[dimension]].  
  
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If there is a link between the [[ego]] and [[consciousness]], it is in terms of a [[lure]]; the [[illusion]] of a fully self-[[transparent]] [[consciousness]] is subverted by the whole psychoanalytic experience (see [[cogito]]).
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Hence [[Lacan]] defines [[communication| analytic communication]] as the [[act]] whereby "the sender receives his own message from the receiver in an inverted [[form]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 41</ref>
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<blockquote>"Consciousness in man is by essence a polar tension between an ego alienated from the subject and a perception which fundamentally escapes it, a pure percipi."<ref>{{S2}} p.177</ref></blockquote>
 
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In 1954 [[Lacan]] gives "a materialist definition of the phenomenon of consciousness."<ref>{{S2}} p.40-52</ref>
 
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However, matter is not to be confused with [[nature]]; [[Lacan]] argues that [[consciousness]] does not evolve from the [[natural]] [[order]]; it is radically discontinuous, and its origin is more akin to creation than to [[evolution]].<ref>{{S7}} p.213-14; 223</ref>
 
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In the 1960s [[Lacan]] rethinks the [[illusion]] of a self-[[consciousness]] (''Selbstbe-wu?tsein'') fully present to itself in terms of his concept of the [[subject supposed to know]].
 
  
 
==See Also==
 
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* [[Interpretation]]
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* [[Speech]]
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* [[Unconscious]]
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{{Also}}
  
 
==References==
 
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* PAGES 19-20, 40, 43, 83, 20-3, 71
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Latest revision as of 04:20, 24 May 2019

French: communication
Modern Linguistics

Most theories of communication -- offered by modern linguistics -- are characterised by two important features.

  1. Firstly, they usually involve a reference to the category of intentionality, which is conceived of as coterminuous with consciousness.
  2. Secondly, they represent communication as a simple process in which a message is sent by one person (the addresser) to another (the addressee).[1]
Psychoanalytic Treament

However, both these features are put into question by the specific experience of communication in psychoanalytic treatment.

  1. Firstly, speech is revealed to possess an intentionality that goes beyond conscious purpose.
  2. Secondly, the speaker's message is seen to be not merely directed at another but also at himself.

"In human speech the sender is always a receiver at the same time."[2]

Unconscious Message

Putting these two points together, it can be said that the part of the speaker's message which is addressed to himself is the unconscious intention behind the message. When speaking to the analyst, the analysand is also addressing a message to himself, but is not aware of this.

Analytic Communication

The task of the analyst is to enable the analysand to hear the message he is unconsciously addressing to himself by interpreting the analysand's words, the analyst permits the analysand's message to return to him in its true, unconscious dimension.

Hence Lacan defines analytic communication as the act whereby "the sender receives his own message from the receiver in an inverted form."[3]

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Jakobson, Roman. (1960) "Linguistics and poetics," in Selected Writings, vol. II, Poetry of Grammar and Grammar of Poetry, The Hague: Mouton, 1981, p. 21
  2. ↑ Lacan, Jacques. The Seminar. Book III. The Psychoses, 1955-56. Trans. Russell Grigg. London: Routledge, 1993. p. 24
  3. ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p. 41


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